青藏高原地区冬春季节气温寒冷、风沙活动频繁，封冻期湖泊冰面常有风成沉积物分布。受湖滨复杂环境影响，输入冰面的风成沉积物的空间分布具有显著差异。为探究冰面风成沉积物的空间分布特征及其迁移规律，并分析可能的影响因素，选择青海湖为研究区，基于2022年12月至2023年4月期间的Sentinel-2影像，结合新型水体指数（NWI）和归一化沙地指数（NDSLI）对冰面风成沉积物进行识别和提取。结果表明：青海湖冰面风成沉积物主要分布于湖区东部尕海湖、沙岛湖—海晏湾和二郎剑沙嘴的下风向冰面以及湖区西部布哈河、黑马河入湖口和尕日拉村的下风向冰面。封冻期沉积物覆盖面积持续增加，由沉积前期的7.32 km²（约占青海湖总面积的0.16%）增加至沉积后期的91.75 km²（约占青海湖总面积的2.00%）。结合起沙风数据分析发现：在西北风为主导的封冻期，近岸物源区可持续向其下风向冰面输入沙尘，说明青海湖冰面风成沉积物的空间分布特征与其上风向的湖滨环境具有密切联系。风成沉积物在风力作用下与积雪在搬运过程中混合，形成风沙—积雪混杂沉积，进一步增加了当前遥感手段的识别难度。

On the Tibetan Plateau, winter and spring are characterized by low temperatures and frequent sand and dust storms, which often lead to the deposition of aeolian sediments on the ice surfaces of frozen lakes. Due to the complex lakeshore environment, the spatial distribution of aeolian sediments on the ice surface exhibits pronounced heterogeneity. To investigate the spatial distribution and migration patterns of aeolian sediments on the ice surface and to analyze the influencing factors, Qinghai Lake was selected as the study area. Based on Sentinel-2 imagery from December 2022 to April 2023, combined with the New Water Index (NWI) and the Normalized Difference Sandy Land Index (NDSLI), aeolian sediments on the ice surface were identified and extracted. The results indicate that aeolian sediments on the ice surface of Qinghai Lake are mainly distributed on the downwind ice surfaces of Gahai Lake, Shadao Lake-Haiyan Bay, and Erlangjian Sand Spit in the eastern part of the lake, as well as the downwind ice surfaces of the Buha River estuary, Heima River estuary, and Garila Village in the western part of the lake. During the ice-covered period, the area covered by sediment increased continuously, from 7.32 km² (approximately 0.16% of the total lake area) in the early deposition stage to 91.75 km² (approximately 2.00%) in the later stage. Combined with sand-driving wind data, the results show that during the ice-covered period dominated by northwesterly winds, nearshore sediment sources continuously supply sand and dust to the downwind ice surface. This suggests that the spatial distribution of aeolian sediments on the ice surface of Qinghai Lake is closely linked to the upwind lakeshore environment. During transport, aeolian sediments mix with accumulated snow under wind action, forming mixed niveo-aeolian deposits, which further increases the difficulty of identification using current remote sensing techniques.