青藏高原热动力强迫作用对亚洲夏季风的形成和变化具有重要影响。然而，由于观测和 数值模式本身的局限性，人们对青藏高原动力和热力作用影响季风形成的相对重要性仍存在争 议。针对相关的理论和数值模拟问题，提出了基于位涡理论的青藏高原地表位涡强迫概念，并揭 示了其与亚洲夏季风的关系。针对上述研究开展了回顾和总结，发现青藏高原动力、热力强迫影 响的相对重要性与试验设计和模式模拟性能本身具有密切联系；青藏高原地表位涡指数可以作为 衡量其相对重要性的一个指标；相比于感热通量，表面位涡能够更好地表征夏季高原表面的强迫 作用，并可以作为量化指标评估不同数值模拟方案中高原表面强迫的强度和对季风降水的影响； 从气候尺度而言，高原表面加热是导致夏季风在陆地上形成的主导因素；而从延伸期预测的角度， 高原上空的热力和动力扰动时空尺度如何调控天气尺度波是影响下游降水预测的关键因子。相 关理论和数值模拟研究可为进一步深化青藏高原气候动力学的认识提供参考。未来需要加强高 原观测，并推动模式物理过程的发展，以进一步提高青藏高原气候数值模拟和预测水平。

Abstract： The thermodynamic forcing of the Tibetan Plateau plays a crucial role in modulating the formation and variability of the Asian summer monsoon. However, due to limitations in both observations and numerical models, the relative importance of the Plateau's dynamic and thermal effects on monsoon development remains a subject of ongoing debate. In recent years, we have proposed a new framework based on Potential Vorticity (PV) theory, introducing the concept of surface PV forcing over the Tibetan Plateau, and revealing its relationship with Asian summer monsoon. This paper reviews and summarizes the aforementioned researches. Our major findings include that the relative significance of TP thermodynamic forcing is closely linked with experimental design and model simulation performance, and the surface PV index can serve as an index to gauge this relative significance; compared with sensible heat flux, surface PV better characterizes the summer surface forcing over the Plateau and can serve as quantitative indicator to assess the strength of TP surface forcing under different numerical experiment configurations and evaluated its influence on monsoonal rainfall; climatologically, TP surface heating dominates the formation of summer monsoon over land; moreover, from an extended-range forecasting perspective, the spatiotemporal scales of thermodynamic disturbances over TP modulating synopticscale waves are key factors influencing the predictability of downstream precipitation. Especially, we quantify the intensity of TP surface forcing in climate system models and its sensitivity in affecting monsoon precipitation across different regions in 2022. We highlight that accurate simulation of TP surface PV forcing in June 2022 was essential for reproducing persistent rainfall over South China.These theoretical and modeling efforts contribute to a deeper understanding of the climatic dynamics associated with the Tibetan Plateau. Additionally, observational data scarcity particularly over high-elevation western TP regions due to terrain and environmental constraints has led to insufficient knowledge of boundary-layer processes and biased physical parameterizations in climate models. Therefore, advancing TP simulation capabilities and enhancing comprehension of TP climate dynamics necessitates integrating observations, modeling, and theoretical research into a cohesive framework. Such an integrated approach will improve prediction skills for weather and climate extremes across the TP and surrounding regions.