地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 534 -550. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.036   cstr: 32269.14.adearth.CN62-1091/P.2026.036

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孟加拉海底扇IODP U1445AFMS成像测井相的类型、特征及垂向分布
杨雪(), 钟广法()   
  1. 同济大学 海洋地质全国重点实验室,上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-09 修回日期:2026-05-01 出版日期:2026-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 钟广法 E-mail:2333214@tongji.edu.cn;gfz@tongji.edu.cn;2333214@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0800503)

Types, Characteristics, and Vertical Distribution of Formation MicroScanner Image Log Facies at IODP Hole U1445A, Bengal Submarine Fan

Xue Yang(), Guangfa Zhong()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Received:2026-02-09 Revised:2026-05-01 Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-07-22
  • Contact: Guangfa Zhong E-mail:2333214@tongji.edu.cn;gfz@tongji.edu.cn;2333214@tongji.edu.cn
  • About author:Yang Xue, research areas include seismic interpretation, well logging interpretation, and sedimentology. E-mail: 2333214@tongji.edu.cn
    Yang Xue, research areas include seismic interpretation, well logging interpretation, and sedimentology. E-mail: 2333214@tongji.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0800503)

深海细粒沉积物是重要的古环境记录载体,但其表征受传统露头、岩心分析的局限,以及地震、常规测井等方法分辨率的制约。被誉为“电取心”的高分辨率FMS地层微电阻率扫描成像测井仪为深海细粒沉积物的描述提供了重要手段。利用FMS成像测井资料,研究孟加拉海底扇U1445A孔上新统—更新统细粒沉积物的类型、特征及垂向分布。综合静态FMS图像颜色和动态FMS图像结构,识别出6类成像测井相,并结合岩心标定对各成像测井相对应的岩性进行了解释。结果表明,U1445A孔主要由浊积黏土或砂质/粉砂质黏土与远洋沉积共同构成,远洋沉积包括富含硅质或钙质生物的砂质/粉砂质黏土及黏土质硅质或钙质生物软泥。沉积物的垂向演化大致经历了4个演化阶段:早上新世以细粒浊流沉积物为主,晚上新世以远洋沉积物为主、夹浊流沉积物,早更新世初以远洋沉积物占主导,早更新世中晚期主要为细粒浊流沉积物。鉴于U1445A孔约2/3的岩心受钻井扰动影响,相关岩心物性测试数据失真,根据FMS成像测井解释重建的垂向岩性组合序列为该站位岩心地质分析提供了重要补充。该方法可以推广应用于取心不全或岩心受钻井扰动影响的其他井段。

Deep-sea fine-grained sediments are important archives of paleoenvironmental evolution, yet their characterization is often limited by the constraints of traditional outcrop and core analyses, as well as the relatively low resolution of seismic and conventional well-logging methods. High-resolution Formation MicroScanner (FMS) image logging, known as “electrical coring”, provides an important tool for the characterization of deep-sea fine-grained sediments. Using FMS image log data, we examined the types, characteristics, and vertical distribution of Pliocene-Pleistocene deep-sea fine-grained sediments at IODP Site U1445A in the Bengal submarine fan. By integrating static image color and dynamic image structure, we identified six distinct FMS image log facies (F1~F6), which we further interpreted based on core calibration and sedimentological characteristics. Our findings indicate that the sedimentary succession at Hole U1445A is mainly composed of turbiditic clay or sandy/silty clay, as well as pelagic deposits including biosiliceous-rich or calcareous-rich sandy/silty clay and clayey biosiliceous or calcareous ooze. The vertical evolution of the sediments generally followed these stages: dominance of fine-grained turbidite deposits in the Early Pliocene; dominance of pelagic deposition with intercalated turbidite deposits during the Late Pliocene, predominantly pelagic deposition during the initial Early Pleistocene; and renewed dominance of fine-grained turbidite deposits during the middle to late Early Pleistocene. Given that approximately two-thirds of the core from Hole U1445A was affected by drilling disturbance, resulting in distorted core-based measurements of various physical properties, the vertical lithological sequence reconstructed from FMS image log interpretation in this study provides an important supplement to traditional core-based geological analysis. This method can be extended to other well intervals with incomplete coring or cores affected by drilling disturbance.

中图分类号: 

图1 孟加拉海底扇地质背景
底图来源:https://www.gebco.net/;(a)孟加拉海底扇的地理—构造背景及U1445站位在该扇体中所处的位置(黑色虚线表示扇体边界位置);(b)U1445 站位及其附近海底地形放大图。
Fig. 1 Geological background of the Bengal Submarine Fan
Source of base map: https://www.gebco.net/; (a) Topographic map showing the location of modern Bengal submarine fan and the position of IODP site U1445 in the fan system (the black dashed line delineates the boundary of the fan body); (b) Enlarged bathymetric map showing the topographic details of site U1445 and surrounding areas.
图2 IODP U1445A孔的岩性柱(a)和年龄—深度模式(b26
岩性柱空白区域为未收获岩心层段。
Fig. 2 Lithologic columnaand corresponding age-depth modelbfor IODP Hole U1445A26
The black areas in the lithologic column indicate sections that no cores were recovered.
图3 IODP U1445A孔典型岩心—成像测井深度归位标志层1
FMS成像测井相F1与上覆F2之间突变界面(150.30 mbsf),对应于岩心上含硅质生物的黏土与上覆含砂质斑块的黏土之间的岩性突变界面(岩心深度150.15 mbsf)。红色双箭头表示归位标志所在位置,红色点线表示岩心相界面。极板3的单独静态图像横向放大约2.5倍。
Fig. 3 IODP Hole U1445A representative core-log depth calibration marker 1
The abrupt interface at 150.30 mbsf between FMS image log facies F1 and overlying F2, corresponding to the lithological contact at 150.15 mbsf core depth between the clay with biosiliceous components and overlying clay with sandy patches. The red double arrow indicates the location of the matching marker; the red dotted lines indicate core facies boundaries. The static image of electrode 3 is horizontally enlarged by about 2.5 times.
图4 IODP U1445A 孔典型岩心—成像测井深度归位标志层2
FMS成像测井相F1与上覆F2之间突变界面(168.00 mbsf),对应于岩心深度169.08 mbsf粉砂质黏土与上覆含砂质斑块和条带的粉砂质黏土之间的岩性突变界面。红色双箭头表示归位标志所在位置,红色点线表示岩心相界面,白色点线表示砂质条带或砂质斑块的边界。其中极板3静态图像横向放大约2.5倍。
Fig. 4 IODP Hole U1445A representative core-log depth calibration marker 2
The abrupt interface (at 168.00 mbsf) between FMS image log facies F1 and overlying F2, corresponding to the lithological contact (at 169.08 mbsf core depth) between silty clay and overlying silty clay with sandy patches and sandy bands. The red double arrow indicates the location of the matching marker; the red dotted lines indicate core facies boundaries; the white dotted lines in the core photo outline the boundaries of sandy patches, or bands. The static image of electrode 3 is horizontally enlarged by about 2.5 times.
图5 IODP U1445A孔典型岩心—成像测井深度归位标志层3
FMS成像测井相F4与上覆F1之间突变界面(173.10 mbsf),对应于岩心深度172.26 mbsf处富含硅质生物的粉砂质黏土与上覆粉砂质黏土之间的岩性突变界面。红色双箭头表示归位标志所在位置,红色点线表示岩心相界面。极板4的静态图像横向放大约2.5倍。
Fig. 5 IODP Hole U1445A representative core-log depth calibration marker 3
The abrupt interface at 173.10 mbsf between FMS image log facies F4 and the overlying F1, corresponding to the lithological contact at 172.26 mbsf core depth between silty clay rich in biosiliceous components and overlying silty clay. The red double arrow indicates the location of the matching marker; the red dotted lines indicate core facies boundaries. The static image of electrode 4 is horizontally enlarged by about 2.5 times.
图6 深色高导块状成像测井相(F1)及对应的岩心照片
常规测井曲线中,C1、C2表示井径(单位:cm),R3、R5及RT表示中、深电阻率及地层真电阻率(单位:Ω⋅m),DTCO表示纵波声波时差(单位:μs/ft),RHOM表示密度(单位:g/cm3),APLC表示中子孔隙度(单位:%)。极板3单独静态图像横向放大约3倍。
Fig. 6 Dark conductive massive FMS image log faciesF1and corresponding core image
Abbreviations for the standard well-logging curves: C1 and C2 represent wellbore diameter in cm; R3, R5 and RT represent intermediate, deep, and formation resistivity in Ω·m; DTCO represents P-wave acoustic transit time in μs/ft; RHOM represents density in g/cm3; and APLC represents neutron porosity in %. The static image of electrode 3 is horizontally enlarged by about 3 times.
表1 IODP U1445A孔成像测井相划分方案
Table 1 Classification of FMS image log facies in IODP Hole U1445A
图7 深色高导斑状成像测井相(F2)及对应的岩心照片
常规测井曲线中,C1、C2表示井径(单位:cm),R3、R5及RT表示中、深电阻率及地层真电阻率(单位:Ω⋅m),DTCO表示纵波声波时差(单位:μs/ft),RHOM表示密度(单位:g/cm3),APLC表示中子孔隙度(单位:%)。岩心照片中的白色虚线为粉砂斑块边界。极板2单独静态图像横向放大约3倍。
Fig. 7 Dark conductive patchy FMS image log faciesF2and corresponding core image
Abbreviations for the standard well-logging curves: C1 and C2 represent wellbore diameter in cm; R3, R5 and RT represent intermediate, deep, and formation resistivity in Ω⋅m; DTCO represents P-wave acoustic transit time in μs/ft; RHOM represents density in g/cm3; and APLC represents neutron porosity in %. The white dashed lines in the core photo indicate boundaries of silt patches. The static image of electrode 2 is horizontally enlarged by about 3 times.
表2 IODP U1445AFMS测量井段(110~450 mbsf)各成像测井相涂片鉴定数据统计
Table 2 Statistics of smear-slide analysis data of each FMS image log facies in IODP Hole U1445A110~450 mbsf
图8 深色高导层状成像测井相(F3
常规测井曲线中,C1、C2表示井径(单位:cm),R3、R5及RT表示中、深电阻率及地层真电阻率(单位:Ω⋅m),DTCO表示纵波声波时差(单位:μs/ft),RHOM表示密度(单位:g/cm3),APLC表示中子孔隙度(单位:%)。极板4单独静态图像横向放大约3倍。
Fig. 8 Dark-color conductive interbedded FMS image log faciesF3
Abbreviations for the standard well-logging curves: C1 and C2 represent wellbore diameter in cm; R3, R5, and RT represent intermediate, deep, and formation resistivity in Ω⋅m; DTCO represents P-wave acoustic transit time in μs/ft; RHOM represents density in g/cm3; and APLC represents neutron porosity in %. The static image of electrode 4 is horizontally enlarged by about 3 times.
图9 浅色高阻块状FMS成像测井相(F4)及对应的岩心照片
常规测井曲线中,C1、C2表示井径(单位:cm),R3、R5及RT表示中、深电阻率及地层真电阻率(单位:Ω⋅m),DTCO表示纵波声波时差(单位:μs/ft),RHOM表示密度(单位:g/cm3),APLC表示中子孔隙度(单位:%)。极板2单独静态图像横向放大约3倍。
Fig. 9 Light resistive massive FMS image log faciesF4and corresponding core image
Abbreviations for the standard well-logging curves: C1 and C2 represent wellbore diameter in cm; R3, R5 and RT represent intermediate, deep, and formation resistivity in Ω⋅m; DTCO represents P-wave acoustic transit time in μs/ft; RHOM represents density in g/cm3; and APLC represents neutron porosity in %. The static image of electrode 2 is horizontally enlarged by about 3 times.
图10 浅色高阻斑状FMS成像测井相(F5)及对应的岩心照片
常规测井曲线中,C1、C2表示井径(单位:cm),R3、R5及RT表示中、深电阻率及地层真电阻率(单位:Ω⋅m),DTCO表示纵波声波时差(单位:μs/ft),RHOM表示密度(单位:g/cm3),APLC表示中子孔隙度(单位:%)。岩心照片中的白色和红色点线分别表示粉砂斑块边界和岩心相分界面。极板4单独静态图像横向放大约3倍。
Fig. 10 Light resistive patchy FMS image log faciesF5and corresponding core image
Abbreviations for the standard well-logging curves: C1 and C2 represent wellbore diameter in cm; R3, R5 and RT represent intermediate, deep, and formation resistivity in Ω⋅m; DTCO represents P-wave acoustic transit time in μs/ft; RHOM represents density in g/cm3; and APLC represents neutron porosity in %. The white and red dotted lines in the core photo indicate the boundaries of silt patches and core facies, respectively. The static image of electrode 4 is horizontally enlarged by about 3 times.
图11 浅色高阻层状FMS成像测井相(F6)及对应的岩心照片
常规测井曲线中,C1、C2表示井径(单位:cm),R3、R5及RT表示中、深电阻率及地层真电阻率(单位:Ω⋅m),DTCO表示纵波声波时差(单位:μs/ft),RHOM表示密度(单位:g/cm3),APLC表示中子孔隙度(单位:%)。岩心照片中的白色点线表示薄砂层的顶底界面。极板3单独静态图像横向放大约3倍,其中黑色点线表示白色高阻薄纹层顶底边界。
Fig. 11 Light resistive bedded FMS image log faciesF6and corresponding core image
Abbreviations for the standard well-logging curves: C1 and C2 represent wellbore diameter in cm; R3, R5 and RT represent intermediate, deep, and formation resistivity in Ω⋅m; DTCO represents P-wave acoustic transit time in μs/ft; RHOM represents density in g/cm3; and APLC represents neutron porosity in %. The white dotted lines in the core photo indicate the boundaries of the thin sandy layers. The static image of electrode 3 is horizontally enlarged by about 3 times, in which the black dotted lines indicate the top and bottom boundaries of the white, high-resistance thin layers.
图12 IODP U1445A孔成像测井相的垂向分布和演化阶段
C1、C2表示井径(单位:cm),R3、R5及RT表示中、深电阻率及地层真电阻率(单位:Ω⋅m),DTCO表示纵波声波时差(单位:μs/ft),RHOM表示密度(单位:g/cm3),APLC表示中子孔隙度(单位:%)。
Fig. 12 Vertical distribution and evolutionary stages of FMS image log facies in IODP Hole U1445A
C1 and C2 represent wellbore diameter in cm; R3, R5 and RT represent intermediate, deep, and formation resistivity in Ω⋅m; DTCO represents P-wave acoustic transit time in μs/ft; RHOM represents density in g/cm3; and APLC represents neutron porosity in %.
表3 IODP U1445A孔各岩性段成像测井相的组成
Table 3 Composition of FMS image log facies in individual lithologic segments in IODP Hole U1445A
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