等积体在全球大洋中的空间分布及其古环境意义——国际大洋钻探计划对全球等深流沉积研究的贡献

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.12.1287

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 1287 -1296. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.12.1287

所属专题：深海科学研究；

等积体在全球大洋中的空间分布及其古环境意义——国际大洋钻探计划对全球等深流沉积研究的贡献

赵玉龙(

), 刘志飞

同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海 200092

收稿日期:2017-10-16 修回日期:2017-11-28 出版日期:2017-12-20
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金面上项目“南海东北部末次冰期以来古海流强度的重建——沉积学和地球化学方法”(编号:41776047);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目“南海深海沉积过程与机制”(编号:91528304)资助.

Spatial Distribution of Contourites in Global Ocean and Its Paleoclimatic Significance—The Contribution of International Ocean Drilling to the Studies of Contourites

Yulong Zhao( ), Zhifei Liu

State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Received:2017-10-16 Revised:2017-11-28 Online:2017-12-20 Published:2018-03-06
About author:
First author:Zhao Yulong(1982-), male, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Associate professor. Research areas include marine sedimentology and paleoclimatic reconstruction.E-mail:yeoloon@tongji.edu.cn
Supported by:
Foundation items:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Reconstruction of paleo-current intensities in the northeastern South China Sea since the last glacial: Sedimentological and geochemical approaches” (No.41776047) and “Deep-sea sedimentation process and mechanism in the South China Sea” (No.91528304).

全文 ( 19 ) 下载PDF ( 1036 )

等积体是海洋沉积最重要的类型之一,通常记录了长期的高分辨率古环境和古海洋演化信息,同时对海洋工程和油气开发等领域具有重要意义。通过对全球大洋进行钻探取芯和地球物理勘探,国际大洋钻探计划,尤其是最新阶段的“综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)”和 “国际大洋发现计划(IODP)”,在理解等积体的全球分布特征及其揭示的古环境和古海洋演化信息方面做出了巨大的贡献。研究显示,等积体在全球大洋中的空间分布主要受大洋深层环流的影响,但在特定海区的沉积和分布则受到构造活动、深层海流强度和沉积物供应等多种因素的影响。全球深层海流强度的变迁则受到气候变化,如新生代全球变冷、北半球冰盖扩张、季风强度演变以及构造活动和水团来源等因素的影响,不同海区的主要影响因素也有所不同。

关键词: 等深流, 等积体, 国际大洋钻探计划(DSDP/ODP/IODP), 深层西部边界流(DWBC), 地中海溢出流(MOW)

Contourite is one of the most important type of sediments in the global ocean, which has recorded significant information on paleoclimatic changes. It is also of great importance for ocean engineering and marine hydrocarbon exploration. The development of scientific ocean drilling, especially the “Integrated Ocean Drilling Program” and the undergoing “International Ocean Discovery Program”, has made great contribution in mapping the spatial distribution of contourites and revealing contourite-related paleoclimatic information, through coring and geophysical exploration in the global ocean. It is found that the global distribution of contourites is controlled predominantly by the global deep-water circulation while its distribution in a specific region can be affected by the intensity of deep currents, tectonic activities, sediment supply, and so on. The geological changes in the global deep-water circulation is, however, further affected by tectonic activities, origins of water masses, as well as climate changes, e.g. the Cenozoic global cooling, changes in the size of the northern hemisphere ice caps, and intensity of monsoon. The main controlling factors of deep water circulation vary with different regions.

Key words: Contour currents, Contourite, Scientific ocean drilling, Deep Western Boundary Current, Mediterranean Outflow Water.

中图分类号:

P736.2

图1 国际大洋钻探计划(DSDP,ODP及IODP)在全球等积体上进行的钻探站位及全球等积体的空间分布(据参考文献[ 7 ]修改)
深蓝色点显示DSDP站位,深绿色点显示ODP站位,洋红色点显示IODP站位;字母(A~N)标示的灰色阴影区显示等积体在全球大洋中的主要分布区域;半透明箭头显示全球深层水的主要运移路径,其中末端叉形点显示表层水下沉的位置,而圆点则显示深层水上翻的位置

Fig.1 The sites of DSDP, ODP and IODP on the contourite drifts and the spatial distribution of contourite drifts in the world ocean (modified after reference[7])
Blue, red and magenta dots represent DSDP, ODP and IODP sites, respectively. The grey shadowed areas marked with A to N show the main distribution locations of contourites.The translucent blue curve shows the trajectory of deep water movement in the global ocean. The cross end of the trajectory represents the location where downwelling of shallow water forms the NADW, while the dot ends represent the locations where the deep water bodies upwell

表1 等积体在全球大洋中空间分布的主要影响因素

Table 1 The main control factors of the distribution of contourite drifts in the world ocean

	全球分布	区域分布	等积体形态	等积体规模
全球大洋环流	√
区域深层环流		√	√	√
地形地貌		√	√	√
水深			√	√
沉积物供应		√	√	√
构造运动		√	√	√
海平面变化		√

表1 等积体在全球大洋中空间分布的主要影响因素

Table 1 The main control factors of the distribution of contourite drifts in the world ocean

	全球分布	区域分布	等积体形态	等积体规模
全球大洋环流	√
区域深层环流		√	√	√
地形地貌		√	√	√
水深			√	√
沉积物供应		√	√	√
构造运动		√	√	√
海平面变化		√

图2 构造活动控制的地中海溢出流(MOW)自早上新世以来的变化(据参考文献[ 23 ]修改)

Fig.2 The changes of Mediterranean Outflow Water since the Pliocene under the control of tectonic activities (modified after reference[23])

图3 北大西洋深层环流及主要的等积体分布(据参考文献[ 15 ]修改)
本文涉及的等积体为红色字体

Fig.3 The contourite drifts and the related deep water masses in North Atlantic(modified after reference[15])
Those mentioned in the present study are shown in red texts

图4 现代太平洋深层环流示意图(据参考文献[ 38 ]修改)
蓝色线条显示深层环流路径,洋红色线条强调太平洋DWBC的主要路径 ^{[

39
,

40
]}

Fig.4 The deepwater circulation in the present-day Pacific Ocean (modified after reference[38])
Blue arrows show the paths of deepwater circulation, with emphasized Pacific DWBC shown in magenta arrows ^{[

39
,

40
]}

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