地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 677 -691. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.054   cstr: 32269.14.adearth.CN62-1091/P.2026.054

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青藏高原热源北扩与塔里木盆地滞空沙尘气溶胶辐射加热的关联及对区域降水变异的影响研究
孟露1(), 何清1,2(), 赵天良3, 许潇锋3, 黄乾3, 张俊兰4, 杨帆1, 周成龙1, 刘新春1, 李京龙2, 金晨2   
  1. 1.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所/中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地/新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站/新疆沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
    2.新疆大学 地理与遥感科学学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830046
    3.南京信息工程大学 大气物理学院,江苏 南京 210044
    4.新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-24 修回日期:2026-06-26 出版日期:2026-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 何清 E-mail:menglu@idm.cn;qinghe@idm.cn;menglu@idm.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42030612)

The Northward Expansion of the Heat Source from the Tibetan Plateau Induced by Radiation Heating of Dust Aerosols Persistently Suspended over the Tarim Basin and the Influence on Regional Precipitation Variations

Lu Meng1(), Qing He1,2(), Tianliang Zhao3, Xiaofeng Xu3, Qian Huang3, Junlan Zhang4, Fan Yang1, Chenglong Zhou1, Xinchun Liu1, Jinglong Li2, Chen Jin2   

  1. 1.Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi / Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological Administration / National Observation and Research Station of Desert Meteorology, Taklimakan Desert of Xinjiang / Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm, Urumqi 830002, China
    2.College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
    3.School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
    4.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002, China
  • Received:2026-05-24 Revised:2026-06-26 Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-09-23
  • Contact: Qing He E-mail:menglu@idm.cn;qinghe@idm.cn;menglu@idm.cn
  • About author:Meng Lu, research areas include desert boundary layer meteorology. E-mail: menglu@idm.cn
    Meng Lu, research areas include desert boundary layer meteorology. E-mail: menglu@idm.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030612)

青藏高原北侧的塔里木盆地春夏季持续出现沙尘气溶胶在3~5 km高度滞空的独特现象,此类持续滞空沙尘气溶胶的辐射效应可加热其上层大气,诱导青藏高原热源范围北扩,对中亚天气气候及水分循环具有潜在影响。针对青藏高原大地形与塔里木盆地热力效应协同影响区域气候变化这一亟待厘清的科学问题,围绕青藏高原热源“北扩”与塔里木盆地“滞空”沙尘气溶胶辐射加热的关联及其对区域降水变异的影响开展研究(2020年1月至2025年12月),利用多年卫星遥感、气象与环境监测和沙尘气溶胶外场观测等资料,在青藏高原北坡和塔克拉玛干沙漠开展沙尘气溶胶及气象要素外场观测试验,通过沙尘气溶胶光学—辐射特性、大气动力学分析、气候诊断与数值模拟试验相结合的技术途径,系统剖析塔里木盆地大气沙尘气溶胶及其辐射强迫的时空变化特征;揭示滞空沙尘气溶胶辐射加热诱导的青藏高原热源北扩的事实;阐明青藏高原热源北扩对新疆地区降水变异的影响机理。研究成果深化了对青藏高原地形强迫影响中亚气候变化机理的认知,同时可为中亚降水预报提供重要参考,具有潜在业务应用价值。

A unique phenomenon occurs persistently during spring and summer over the Tarim Basin, located on the northern flank of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), where dust aerosols are lofted and remain suspended at altitudes of 3~5 km. The radiative effects of these persistently lofted dust aerosols can heat the upper atmosphere, inducing a northward expansion of the TP heat source, which exerts potential impacts on weather, climate, and the water cycle in Central Asia. To address the urgent scientific question regarding the synergistic effects of the massive TP topography and the thermal forcing of the Tarim Basin on regional climate change, We conducted a study on the “northward expansion” of the summertime heat source over the Tibetan Plateau induced by radiative heating from dust aerosols persistently suspended over the Tarim Basin, and its influence on regional precipitation variability. Through a systematic investigation (January 2020 to December 2025), utilizing long-term satellite remote sensing, meteorological and environmental monitoring, and dust aerosol field observations, alongside specific field campaigns on the northern slope of the TP and the Taklimakan Desert, this study employed an integrated approach combining aerosol optical-radiative properties, atmospheric dynamics, climate diagnostics, and numerical simulations. We systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of atmospheric dust aerosols and their radiative forcing in the Tarim Basin; revealed observational evidence of the northward expansion of the TP heat source induced by radiative heating of lofted dust aerosols; and elucidated the mechanisms by which this heat source expansion influences precipitation variability in Xinjiang. The research findings deepen our understanding of how TP topographic forcing affects climate change in Central Asia and hold potential application value for regional precipitation forecasting in Central Asia.

中图分类号: 

图1 青藏高原北坡多梯级观测平台(a)及中昆仑山云水资源综合观测平台(b
Fig. 1 Multi-tiered observation platforms on the northern slope of the Tibetan Plateauaand a comprehensive observation platform for cloud water resources at the summit of the Central Kunlun Mountainsb
图2 沙漠环境与气候观测网(DECON)的整体布局54
Fig. 2 Overall layout of the Desert Environment and Climate Observation NetworkDECON54
图3 塔里木盆地和青藏高原季节平均沙尘垂直分布特征26
Fig. 3 Seasonal mean vertical distribution of dust over the Tarim Basin and the Tibetan Plateau26
图4 塔里木盆地和青藏高原周边季节平均沙尘层顶高度、层底高度和层厚度的空间分布55
Fig. 4 Spatial distributions of seasonal mean dust layer top heightbase heightand layer thickness around the Tarim Basin and the Tibetan Plateau55
图5 塔里木盆地和青藏高原周边季节平均沙尘通量密度的分布57
Fig. 5 Spatial distributions of seasonal mean dust flux density around the Tarim Basin and the Tibetan Plateau57
图6 塔里木盆地和青藏高原周边沙尘输送路径示意图57
Fig. 6 Diagram of dust transport pathways around the Tarim Basin and the Tibetan Plateau57
图7 青藏高原热力强迫引起的塔里木盆地沙尘气溶胶和气象场变化的示意图58
红色箭头表示青藏高原热力强迫引起的异常风。
Fig. 7 Diagram of changes in dust aerosols and meteorological fields in the Tarim Basin induced by Tibetan Plateau’s thermal forcing58
The red arrows indicate anomalous winds, caused by strong Tibetan Plateau’s thermal forcing.
图8 季节平均沙尘短波加热率的时空分布剖面(仅考虑沙尘日)59
Fig. 8 Seasonal mean spatiotemporal profile of dust shortwave heating rate for dust-only days59
图9 塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原上空逐月短波加热率廓线59
黄色填充的阴影区域和斜线区域分别表示塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原上空短波加热率大于2 K/d的加热层。
Fig. 9 Monthly atmospheric shortwave heating rate profiles over Taklimakan Desert and Tibetan Plateau59
The shaded areas filled with the yellow color and the slanted lines are the atmospheric shortwave heating rate >2 K/d over Taklimakan Desert and Tibetan Plateau, respectively.
图10 青藏高原热源北扩以及塔里木盆地滞空沙尘气溶胶辐射效应的概念图60
Fig. 10 Diagram of the northward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau heat source and the radiative effect of suspended dust aerosols over the Tarim Basin60
图11 塔里木盆地和青藏高原周边两个高度层(2~4 km4~6 km)沙尘短波加热率(a)和柱平均沙尘加热率(b)的空间分布59
Fig. 11 Spatial distributions of dust shortwave heating rate in two altitude layers2~4 km and 4~6 km) (aand column-averaged dust heating ratebaround the Tarim Basin and the Tibetan Plateau59
图12 南疆地区气候突变前后不同边界水汽输送特征的变异62
Fig. 12 Variations in water vapor transport characteristics across different boundaries before and after the abrupt climate change in southern Xinjiang62
图13 高原热源北扩改变南北温度梯度引发南北支急流活动异常(a63及其对南疆极端降水影响(b)示意图62
Fig. 13 Diagram of the northward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau heat source altering the north-south temperature gradient and inducing anomalous activity of the northern and southern branches of the jet streama63and its impacts on extreme precipitationbover southern Xinjiang62
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