地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 859 -866. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.08.0859

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中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇研究进展
潘文杰 1, 2( ), 杨孝民 1, 张晓东 1, 李自民 3, 杨石磊 1, 吴云涛 1, 郝倩 1, 宋照亮 1, *( )   
  1. 1.天津大学 表层地球系统科学研究院,天津 300072
    2.浙江农林大学 环境与资源学院, 浙江 临安 311300
    3.天主教鲁汶大学 地球生命研究院,新鲁汶1348,比利时
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-01 修回日期:2017-06-01 出版日期:2017-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 宋照亮 E-mail:pwj13145@163.com;songzhaoliang78@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目“陆地硅—碳耦合生物地球化学循环”(编号:41522207)资助

Advances in Study of Phytolith Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems of China

Wenjie Pan 1, 2( ), Xiaomin Yang 1, Xiaodong Zhang 1, Zimin Li 3, Shilei Yang 1, Yuntao Wu 1, Qian Hao 1, Zhaoliang Song 1, *( )   

  1. 1.Institute of the Surface-Earth System Science Research, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
    2.School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Zhejiang Lin’an 311300, China
    3.Earth and Life Institute, Universitécatholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
  • Received:2017-03-01 Revised:2017-06-01 Online:2017-10-20 Published:2017-08-20
  • Contact: Zhaoliang Song E-mail:pwj13145@163.com;songzhaoliang78@163.com
  • About author:

    First author:Pan Wenjie (1990-), male, Xinzheng City, He’nan Province, Master student. Research areas include phytolith carbon squestration.E-mail:pwj13145@163.com

  • Supported by:
    Foundation item:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Terrestrial silicon-carbon coupled biogeochemical cycle”(No.41522207)
全文 ( 27 ) 下载PDF ( 1618 )

植硅体碳(Phytolith-Occluded Carbon,PhytOC)是一种相对稳定的碳组分,在生物地球化学碳循环和减缓全球变暖中扮演着重要角色。在总结前人研究的基础上,论述了植硅体碳的形成机制和其碳汇能力的影响因素,综述了当前中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的研究成果,探讨了中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的调控机制,最后对未来中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇的研究方向进行了展望。气候、地表植被类型、土壤环境及植硅体自身化学组份等诸多因素都将直接或间接影响植硅体的碳汇能力。中国草地、农田、森林、湿地和灌丛生态系统植硅体碳产生速率分别为(0.6±0.1)×106,(4.9±1.7)×106,(1.9±0.4)×106,(0.6±0.5)×106和(1.3±0.3)×106 t CO2 /a。含硅材料施加、高硅植物栽培和传统的提高植物地上净初级生产力等措施均可显著提高中国陆地生态系统植硅体碳汇潜力。今后应进一步研究不同植物产生植硅体碳的机理,加强不同陆地生态系统中植物地下部分植硅体碳汇能力的研究,对不同陆地生态系统土壤植硅体碳汇量进行量化,并提出更加全面、经济、合理的管理措施以提高植硅体碳汇量。

关键词: 陆地生态系统, 植硅体碳汇, 生物地球化学

Phytolith-Occluded Carbon (PhytOC), a relatively stable carbon fraction, plays an important role in biogeochemical carbon cycle and mitigation of global warming. The formation mechanisms of PhytOC, the influence factors of phytolith carbon sequestration, the advances in study of phytolith carbon sequestration, and the management for enhancing the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China were summarized in this review. Finally, future researches on phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China were prospected. Climates, vegetation types, soil circumstances, the chemical compositions of the phytoliths and other factors will directly or indirectly affect the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration. In China, the PhytOC production quantity in grassland, cropland, forest, wetland and shrub ecosystems is (0.6±0.1)×106,(4.9±1.7)×106,(1.9±0.4)×106,(0.6±0.5)×106 and (1.3±0.3)×106 t CO2/a, respectively. Application of silicon-containing fertilizer, cultivation of high-silicon plant, and traditional enhancement of the plant net primary productivity can significantly improve the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems of China. Future studies should focus more on ①the mechanisms of phytolith formation in different plants, ②the phytolith carbon sequestration in underground parts of plants from different terrestrial ecosystems, ③the quantification of soil PhytOC in different terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, more comprehensive, economical and reasonable management practices of improving the potential of phytolith carbon sequestration should also be further studied in different terrestrial ecosystems.

Key words: Terrestrial ecosystem, Phytolith carbon sequestration, Biogeochemistry.

中图分类号: 

表1 中国草地生态系统植硅体碳汇产生通量和产生量
Table 1 The production flux andquantity of PhytOC in Chinese grassland ecosystem
草地
类型		 面积
/×106 hm2		 地上净
初级生
产力/(t
/(hm2·a))		 植硅体干
物质含量
/(g/kg)		 植硅体碳
产生通量
/(kg CO2
/(hm2·a))		 植硅体碳
产生量
/(×106 t
CO2/a)
荒漠草原 18.3 0.59 27.8 0.25 0.02
典型草原 38.5 1.09 34.8 0.57 0.08
草甸草原 7.60 2.19 41.2 1.35 0.04
高寒草原 70.8 0.46 34.1 0.24 0.06
高寒草甸 58.7 1.05 27.4 0.43 0.10
其他草地 137 1.00 33.1 0.50 0.25
表2 中国主要农作物植硅体碳产生通量和产生量
Table 2 The production flux and quantity of PhytOC in main arable crops in China
作物
类型		 种植
面积
/×106 hm2		 秸秆产
生通量
/(t/
(hm2·a))		 秸秆植硅
体碳含量
/(g/kg)		 植硅体碳
产生通量
/(kg CO2
/(hm2·a))		 植硅体碳
产生量
/(×106 t
CO2 /a)
稻谷 30.1 7.40 2.50 67.8 2.04
小麦 24.3 6.20 1.60 37.5 0.91
玉米 33.5 7.80 1.60 44.4 1.49
其他谷类 6.20 2.30 1.70 14.4 0.09
豆类 10.7 2.70 0.20 1.90 0.02
薯类 8.90 2.10 0.20 1.50 0.01
油料作物 13.9 1.10 0.80 2.90 0.04
棉花 5.00 19.1 0.20 16.9 0.08
甘蔗 1.90 10.6 2.50 96.0 0.19
图1 2015年中国不同地区3种农作物的植硅体碳汇量
数据来源于国家统计局和参考文献[42]
Fig.1 PhytOC production quantity of three arable crops in different regions of China in 2015
Data from National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China and references[42]
图2 1996—2015年中国3种农作物植硅体碳汇量
数据来源于国家统计局和参考文献[42]
Fig.2 PhytOC production quantity of three arable crops in China between 1996 and 2015
Data from National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China and reference[42]
表3 中国主要森林类型植硅体碳产生通量和产生量
Table 3 The PhytOC production flux and quantity of main forest types in China
森林类型 分布面积
/×106 hm2		 地上植被植硅体含量
/(g /kg)		 地上植被植硅体碳产
生通量/(kg CO2/(hm2·a))		 地上植被植硅体碳产
生量/(×106 kg CO2 /a)
寒温带和温带针叶林 24.1 13.2 7.54 0.18
亚热带和热带针叶林 29.5 11.9 6.60 0.19
针叶和阔叶混交林 4.68 12.4 9.01 0.04
落叶林 42.4 12.9 8.55 0.36
亚热带常绿与落叶阔叶林 12.5 24.5 21.7 0.27
亚热带常绿阔叶林 21.4 13.6 12.9 0.28
热带雨林 0.95 25.1 30.1 0.03
亚热带和热带竹林 7.20 101 81.6 0.59
表4 中国主要陆地生态系统植硅体碳产生通量和产生量
Table 4 The PhytOC production flux and quantity of main terrestrial ecosystem in China
生态系
统类型		 面积
/×106 hm2		 植硅体碳
产生通量
/(kg CO2/(hm2·a))		 植硅体碳
产生量
/(×106 t CO2/a)		 参考
文献
草地 331 1.8±0.3 0.6±0.1 [36]
农田 135 36.0±13.0 4.9±1.7 [42]
森林 143 13.6±3.1 1.9±0.4 [45]
湿地 - 40.0±37.0 0.6±0.5 [50]
灌丛 215 6.0±1.0 1.3±0.3 [51]
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