地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 1243 -1255. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.106

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

海水中铜的生物地球化学研究进展
阮雅青( ),张瑞峰( )   
  1. 上海交通大学 海洋学院，上海 200030
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-04 修回日期:2020-11-29 出版日期:2020-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 张瑞峰 E-mail:ruanyaqing@sjtu.edu.cn;ruifengzhang@sjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“海洋荒漠区常量和微量营养物质的来源、通量及其时空分布格局”(41890801);“长江口冲淡水的对流、扩散和物质转换综合过程”(41530960)

Review of the Copper Biogeochemistry in Seawater

Yaqing Ruan( ),Ruifeng Zhang( )   

  1. School of Oceanography，Shanghai Jiao Tong University，Shanghai 200030，China
  • Received:2020-10-04 Revised:2020-11-29 Online:2020-12-10 Published:2021-02-09
  • Contact: Ruifeng Zhang E-mail:ruanyaqing@sjtu.edu.cn;ruifengzhang@sjtu.edu.cn
  • About author:Ruan Yaqing (1997-), female, Putian City, Fujian Province, Master student. Research areas include marine chemistry. E-mail: ruanyaqing@sjtu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China “The sources,fluxes and spatio-temporal structures of macro-and micro-nutrients in the oligotrophic ocean”(41890801);“Integrated process of convection,diffusion and material conversion of dilute water in the Changjiang Estuary”(41530960)
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铜在开阔大洋表层水中含量极低，以多种形态存在，具有生物可用性和毒性双重功能。海水中的铜能调节浮游植物的群落结构并影响初级生产力，在全球生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用。近30年来，随着样品采集、分析技术的进步，海水中铜的生物地球化学研究得到了飞速发展。综述了铜对浮游植物和微生物的生理生态效应（参与生命过程，与其他金属的相互作用和毒性等），铜在海水中的形态（价态、化学形态、有机配体和生物有效性等），源汇通量（主要源汇过程、通量及同位素组成特征），水平和垂直分布规律和影响因素等。最后，对海洋痕量金属铜的研究方向进行了展望，以期为今后海水中铜的生物地球化学研究提供参考。

关键词: 铜, 海水, 生物地球化学, 生理生态效应, 源汇格局

The concentration of copper is extremely low in the surface water of the open ocean. Copper has multiple speciations and the dual functions of bioavailability and toxicity. Copper in seawater can regulate phytoplankton and affect the primary production， playing an important role in marine biogeochemical cycles. With the advancement of sample collection and analysis techniques， the biogeochemical research of copper in seawater has developed rapidly in the past 30 years. Here， we provide a comprehensive review on marine copper biogeochemistry. Firstly， we summarized the physiological and ecological effects of copper on phytoplankton and microorganism. For example， copper can participate in the life processes of phytoplankton and microorganism， interact with other metals and have the toxicity. Secondly， we reviewed the chemical forms of copper in seawater （such as valence states， speciations， complexation with organic ligands and bioavailability）. Finally， we summarized the sources and sinks of copper in the ocean （and the fluxes and isotopic composition）， the horizontal and vertical distribution of copper in seawater， and factors influencing these were also reviewed. We suggest future research topics dealing with copper biogeochemistry to provide new insights into the role of copper in seawater and biological cycles.

Key words: Copper, Seawater, Biogeochemistry, Physiology and ecology functions, Source and sink

中图分类号: 

图1 海洋中铜参与的生物地球化学过程和生理生态功能概念示意图
Fig.1 Biogeochemical process of copper in the ocean and its physiological and ecological functions
图2 北太平洋（47°01′N,170°30′W）铜配体、总铜离子和自由铜离子浓度剖面(据参考文献[ 53 ]修改）
Fig.2 Profiles of ligand,total dissolved Cu and free Cu2+ for station in the North Pacific (47°01′N， 170°30′W,modified after reference [ 53 ])
图3 全球海洋铜质量平衡示意图及源汇物质的δ65Cu值（数据来自参考文献[ 23 , 24 ， 80 ~ 87 ]）
Fig.3 Schematic diagrams illustrating the global ocean isotopic mass balance of Cu (Data from references [23,24，80~87])
图4 溶解态铜在世界大洋表层的现有数据分布（0~50 m）（数据来自参考文献[ 23 , 83 , 84 , 99 ~ 102 ]）
Fig.4 The existing data of dissolved copper in the world surface ocean (0~50 m) (data from references [23, 83,84, 99~102])
表1 不同海区、不同深度的海水溶解态铜浓度
Table 1 Dissolved copper concentration in different oceans and depth
水体类型 区域 铜浓度/(nmol/kg) n 参考文献
表层水体：开阔大洋 北太平洋 1.72±0.82 16 [ 99 ]
北大西洋 0.88±0.28 20 [ 99 ]
印度洋 1.46±0.64 10 [ 99 ]
南太平洋 0.53±0.26 135 [ 99 ]
南大西洋 0.82±0.34 27 [ 99 ]
表层水体：边缘海 黄渤海 14.04±8.04 25 [ 105 ]
地中海 2.06±1.29 11 [ 83 ]
墨西哥湾 5.53±1.11 6 [ 106 ]
深层水体 北大西洋深层水 1.94±0.43 163 [ 99 ]
北太平洋深层水 3.15±0.60 113 [ 99 ]
印度洋深层水 3.60±1.03 53 [ 99 ]
南太平洋 3.54±0.67 402 [ 99 ]
南大西洋 2.43±0.55 121 [ 99 ]
南极底层水 1.13±0.69 697 [ 99 ]
图5 世界不同大洋的溶解态铜垂直剖面分布（数据来自参考文献[ 21 , 99 ， 118 ]）
Fig.5 The vertical profiles of dCu in different ocean (data from references [21,99，118])
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