脂类单体碳同位素在湖沼古环境和古生态重建中的研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.1.0020

地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 20 -33. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.1.0020

黄咸雨 ^1, ²(

),张一鸣 ¹

1. 中国地质大学（武汉）流域关键带演化湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
2. 中国地质大学（武汉）生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2018-11-27 修回日期:2018-12-29 出版日期:2019-01-10
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“多种脂类碳同位素记录的泥炭地生态系统对百年尺度水位下降的生态响应”(编号：41877317);生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室自主研究课题项目“大九湖泥炭地碳循环与气候变化的耦合关系”(编号：GBL11804)

An Overview of the Applications of Lipid Carbon Isotope Compositions in the Paleoenvironmental and Paleoecological Reconstructions in Lacustrine and Peat Deposits

Xianyu Huang ^1, ²( ),Yiming Zhang ¹

1. HuBei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2018-11-27 Revised:2018-12-29 Online:2019-01-10 Published:2019-03-05
About author:Huang Xianyu(1981-), male,Yangxin County, Hubei Province, Professor. Research areas include peat lipids and global change. E-mail: xyhuang@cug.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Response of peatland ecosystems to water level drawdown on centennial timescale: Evidence from carbon isotope compositions of multi lipids”(No.41877317);The State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology “Coupling relationship between carbon cycle and climate change in the Dajiuhu peatland”(No.GBL11804)

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地质载体中保存的脂类来源于生物细胞膜、叶片蜡质层等，能够指示特定的生物分类学类群或微生物功能群，也能够记录生物生长或早期成岩过程中的生态环境信息，已经成为第四纪古环境和古生态研究的重要手段。除了化合物含量和分子组成，脂类的碳同位素组成也蕴含着重要的生态或环境信息。对于光能自养生物，这些信息来自光合作用和脂类的生物合成过程；对于异养生物，信息则来自摄食的底物和脂类的生物合成过程。总结了近些年来湖沼沉积中脂类单体碳同位素的研究进展，从长链正构烷烃、脂肪酸、陆源五环三萜等高等植物脂类和磷脂脂肪酸、藿类、四醚膜脂等微生物脂类等2个领域进行了系统阐述。在今后的发展中，需要重视实验技术，开发适合小样品量的分析方法，建立直接测试藿类和四醚类等分子量相对大的脂类碳同位素组成的新技术，加强单体放射性碳同位素的应用；可以考虑多种脂类碳同位素的联合、同一脂类单体碳同位素和单体氢同位素的联合；建议加强脂类单体碳同位素在生物地球化学过程，特别是微生物地球化学过程对过去全球变化的响应研究。

关键词: 脂类, 单体碳同位素, 湖沼沉积, 生物地球化学, 古生态

Lipids preserved in geological materials mainly originate from cell membrane and leaf waxes, and have the potential to infer biological sources, metabolic pathways, and environmental information. Thus,lipid-based proxies have been widely applied to reconstruct paleoenvironment and paleoecology in the Quaternary. Except the concentration and molecular composition, the carbon isotope compositions of lipids are also a type of important signal sources. For photoautotrophs, the carbon isotope compositions of lipids are mainly mediated by the carbon isotope discrimination during the photosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis processes. In contrast, the carbon isotope compositions of heterotroph derived lipids are controlled by substrates and the carbon isotope fractionation during biosynthesis. In this review, we overview the advances of applications of lipid carbon isotope ratios in lacustrine and peat deposits. In the near future, more attention is suggested to pay to instrumental techniques, such as reduce the sample amount, direct analysis the carbon isotope compositions of molecules with relatively large molecular weight (e.g. BHPs, GDGTs), and widely application of compound-specific radiocarbon isotope analysis. In addition, combination of carbon isotope ratios from multi lipids, or the application of dual carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of lipids, will shed more information on the response of ecological processes to climate changes. Furthermore, more works are worthy to investigate the relation between biogeochemical processes and paleoclimate changes in the Quaternary.

Key words: Lipid, Compound-specific carbon isotope, Lacustrine, Biogeochemistry, Paleoecology.

中图分类号:

P534.63
P597

图1 神农架大九湖ZK-5泥炭柱记录的C₂₉ 长链正构烷烃δ¹³C值对中全新世干旱的响应

Fig. 1 Response of the δ¹³C values of n-C₂₉ alkane to the mid-Holocene drought in the ZK-5 peat core, Shennongjia

图2 泥炭沉积中生物体、糖类和脂类δ¹³C分布示意图（据参考文献[ 88 ]修改）

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram showing the relationship between organic carbon constituents of plants and heterotrophic bacteria in peat deposits (modified after reference[ 88 ])

图3 神农架大九湖ZK-5泥炭柱中藿烷和C₂₉ 正构烷烃δ¹³C序列对比^{[

62
]}

Fig. 3 Comparisons of δ¹³C records in the ZK-5 peat core retrieved from the Dajiuhu peatland, Shennongjia ^{[

62
]}

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