地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 1325 -1332. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.12.1325

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大气沉降对海洋初级生产过程与氮循环的影响研究进展
高会旺 1, 姚小红 1, 郭志刚 2, 韩志伟 3, 高树基 4   
  1. 1. 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,中国海洋大学,山东 青岛,266100; 2. 复旦大学环境科学与工程系,上海, 200433; 3. 中国科学院东亚区域气候环境重点实验室,中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京,100029; 4. 近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,厦门大学,福建 厦门,361005
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-15 修回日期:2014-10-24 出版日期:2014-12-20
  • 基金资助:

    国家重大科学研究计划项目“大气物质沉降对海洋氮循环与初级生产过程的影响及其气候效应”（编号：2014CB953700）资助

Atmospheric Deposition Connected with Marine Primary Production, Nitrogen Cycle: A Review

Gao Huiwang 1, Yao Xiaohong 1, Guo Zhigang 2, Han Zhiwei 3, Kao Shuh-Ji 4   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; 2.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for East Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing 100029, China; 4. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
  • Received:2014-06-15 Revised:2014-10-24 Online:2014-12-20 Published:2014-12-20
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大气沉降通过为海洋提供外源性氮、磷和铁等微量元素,可显著影响海洋氮、碳循环过程,并产生气候效应。一方面促进海洋初级生产和生物固氮,增强海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力;另一方面影响海洋氮、碳循环路径,增加海洋生物源气溶胶排放量,间接影响气候变化。由于大气沉降对海洋生态系统及气候变化的重要影响,相关科学问题已成为海洋科学与大气科学交叉研究的热点,被多个国际研究计划列为核心研究内容。在大气污染物排放持续增加与沙尘事件频发的背景下,大气沉降对我国东部陆架海（黄海、东海）及其邻近西北太平洋碳、氮循环过程的影响日趋增强,因此该海区已成为大气沉降及其气候影响研究的代表性海域。结合分子生物学和实验生态学手段理解大气沉降影响下的海洋初级生产过程,利用同位素示踪技术研究大气沉降对海洋氮循环的影响,以及获得大气沉降影响下海洋生物源气溶胶排放的观测证据将是未来研究的重点方向。

关键词: 海洋初级生产过程, 海洋生物源气溶胶, 海洋生物地球化学循环, 大气物质入海通量

Atmospheric Deposition (AD) provides external nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) supporting the growth of phytoplankton in oceans and thereby exerts obvious impacts on carbon and nitrogen cycles and climate change associated. Specifically, the external nutrients derived from atmospheric deposition can promote the marine primary production and nitrogen fixation that enhance the ocean capacity in absorbing CO2; AD may also change a few pathways of carbon and nitrogen cycles in oceans and increase the emissions of biogenic aerosol and radioactive gases such as N2O, DMS, etc. Due to the underlying important impacts on climate and environmental change, AD and processes related have become the hot topics of multidisciplinary studies in the areas of ocean and atmospheric sciences, and the focus of some international core projects such as Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), an International Study of Marine Biogeochemical Cycles of Trace Elements and Their Isotopes (GEOTRACES) and Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER). With the severe air pollution and high frequencies of Asian dust events, as the downwind areas of big cities and dust sources, the East China Sea and adjacent North Pacific have received increasing influences of AD. Limited studies showed that the increase of AD indeed caused significant influence on carbon and nitrogen cycles in these immediately related oceanic areas and the study there would have a signature effect on global oceans. A multidisciplinary study on the impacts of AD in oceans, e.g., combing molecular biology and experimental ecology techniques to study primary production processes, utilizing isotopic techniques to trace the change of the nitrogen cycle, new evidences of ocean-biogenic aerosol emissions, etc. would be the focus in the future.

Key words: Atmospheric deposition, Ocean-biogenic aerosol., Marine primary production, Marine biogeochemical cycle

中图分类号: 

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