喀斯特洞穴系统碳循环的烟囱效应研究现状及展望
  <sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.12.1333

对全球碳循环的系统研究已有几十年的历史,至今已取得很多重要成果,但对占整个地球陆地面积约10%的喀斯特地区碳循环的研究却在近10~20年来才逐渐受到重视。近年来的研究表明,岩溶作用对全球碳循环具有重要影响。目前,科学家们对影响喀斯特地区碳循环的各种因素有了较为全面系统的认识,并对碳源或碳汇量进行了估算。然而,与非喀斯特地区不同,喀斯特地区普遍发育着大小和形态各异的溶洞/裂隙,为喀斯特地区地—气交换增加了一个通道（窗口）,其在喀斯特地区碳循环过程中扮演着什么样的角色,至今还少有报道。已有研究显示,喀斯特洞穴具有明显的烟囱效应,是不可忽略的。综述前人的研究发现,洞穴系统碳循环研究还存在诸多问题有待进一步研究,如烟囱效应对区域和全球大气CO₂的贡献;烟囱效应的区域差异、季节变化及其原因（驱动力）;烟囱效应对当地生态系统的影响等。随着现代科学技术（如涡度相关、大孔径闪烁和同位素）的发展,为解决上述问题提供了可能。因此,有必要运用现有的先进手段对洞穴系统碳循环进行自动连续监测和研究,这对喀斯特地区碳循环,甚至全球碳循环研究均具有重要意义。

关键词: 喀斯特关键带, 大孔径闪烁仪, 稳定同位素, 涡度相关, 碳酸盐岩

There is a long history of several decades for the systemic study of global carbon cycles, and many important achievements have been obtained. However, these studies of carbon cycles in the karst area that accounts for about 10% of the entire Earth’s land area were paid attention gradually only in the past twenty. Recent researches suggest that karstification has important effects of the global carbon cycle. At present, scientists have had a very comprehensive and systemic understanding of various factors affecting the carbon cycle in the karst area, and estimated the carbon source or sink. However, unlike nonkarst area, there are generally many caves and fractures that have various sizes and morphologies in the karst area. These caves and fractures provide gas exchange between epikarst zone and atmosphere with a channel (as a window) in the karst area. There have been few reports about the role of the channel in the carbon cycle in the karst area. Previous studies have shown there is an obvious chimney effect in the karst cave system, which cannot be ignored. However, through the overview of the previous studies on carbon cycle of chimney effect in the karst cave system, we found that there were still many problems need to be further studied, such as the contribution of chimney effect to regional and global atmospheric CO₂; the regional differences, the seasonal changes and its reason (driving force) of chimney effect; the influences of chimney effect on the local ecosystem. With the development of modern science and technology (such as eddy covariance, large aperture scintillation and isotope), it becomes possible to solve the above problems. Therefore, it is necessary to use these advanced means for automatic and continuous monitoring and researching the carbon cycles in the karst cave system, which are of important significance for the researches of carbon cycles in the karst area, even for the global carbon cycle studies.

Key words: Large Aperture Scintillometer (LAS), Eddy Covariance (EC), Stable isotope., Carbonate rock, Karst Critical Zone (KCZ)

中图分类号:

P595

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摘要

Research Progresses and Prospect of Chimney Effect about Carbon Cycle in the Karst Cave System