地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 818 -832. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.08.0818

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

碳酸盐岩储层缝洞储集体研究进展
王小垚 1( ), 曾联波 1, *( ), 魏荷花 2, 孙建芳 2, 史今雄 1, 徐翔 1, 曹东升 1, 陆诗磊 1   
  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
    2.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-20 修回日期:2018-07-09 出版日期:2018-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 曾联波 E-mail:skarnwxy@sina.com;lbzeng@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项项目“缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏提高采收率关键技术”(编号:2016ZX0514-002)资助.

Research Progress of the Fractured-vuggy Reservoir Zones in Carbonate Reservoir

Xiaoyao Wang 1( ), Lianbo Zeng 1, *( ), Hehua Wei 2, Jianfang Sun 2, Jinxiong Shi 1, Xiang Xu 1, Dongsheng Cao 1, Shilei Lu 1   

  1. 1.China University of Petroleum (Beijing) College of Geoscience, Beijing 102249, China
    2.Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2018-04-20 Revised:2018-07-09 Online:2018-08-10 Published:2018-09-14
  • Contact: Lianbo Zeng E-mail:skarnwxy@sina.com;lbzeng@sina.com
  • About author:

    First author:Wang Xiaoyao(1995-),male,Ankang City, Shaanxi Province,Master student.Research areas include oil field development geology and other aspects of research work.E-mail:skarnwxy@sina.com

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project “The key technologies for enhanced oil recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs” (No.2016ZX0514-002).

碳酸盐岩储层缝洞储集体的分布规律是缝洞型油藏开发的基础。系统总结了碳酸盐岩缝洞储集体的发育特征、主控因素、发育模式和表征方法,并讨论了缝洞储集体的发展趋势。碳酸盐岩储层缝洞储集体在纵向上的分布存在表层、渗流与径流3个岩溶带,主要受沉积环境、流体性质、构造条件与岩溶地貌等地质因素的控制,但在不同地质背景下主控因素的影响存在较大差异。结合缝洞储集体的发育特征与主控因素,缝洞储集体可以划分为不同的岩溶模式、演化阶段、缝洞储集体系统。现阶段缝洞储集体主要分为裂缝、溶洞、裂缝—溶洞、裂缝—断层、断层—溶洞和裂缝—断层—溶洞6种缝洞组合模式。考虑到缝洞储集体的不同表征技术,主要从缝洞储集体的描述、识别与预测3个层次进行表征。阐明断裂体系对缝洞储集体发育的控制作用,建立不同构造样式的缝洞储集体发育模式,是碳酸盐岩缝洞储集体研究的重要内容。采用地质测井和三维地震资料的叠前与叠后多属性联合分析,是定量预测缝洞储集体发育规律的有效手段。

The development model and distribution pattern of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in carbonate reservoirs are the foundation and core of the development of the fractured-vuggy reservoir. This paper systematically summarized the development characteristics, main controlling factors, development patterns and characterization methods of fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in the carbonate reservoirs, and discussed the future development trends of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones. There are three karst zones in the longitudinal distribution of the fractured reservoirs in carbonate reservoirs, which are mainly controlled by the geological factors such as sedimentary environment, fluid properties, tectonic conditions and karst geomorphology, but there are great differences under the influence of the main controlling factors under different geological background. Combined with the development characteristics and main controlling factors of fracture-vuggy reservoirs, fracture-vuggy reservoirs can be divided into different karst models, evolution stages and fracture cavity reservoir systems. At present, the reservoir of fracture-vuggy can be divided into six types: Fracture,vuggy,fracture-vuggy,fracture-fault,fault-vuggy and fracture-fault-vuggy.In view of the different representation techniques of fracture-vuggy reservoirs, it is mainly represented from three levels: description, recognition and prediction. It is an important content of carbonate fracture-vuggy reservoir research to clarify the controlling effect of fault system on the development of fracture-vuggy reservoirs and to establish the development model of fracture-vuggy reservoirs with different structural styles. Combined analysis of prestack and poststack multi-attributes of geological logging and 3D seismic data is an effective method for quantitative prediction of fracture-vuggy reservoir development characteristics.

中图分类号: 

图1 碳酸盐岩储层缝洞储集体垂向形态示意图(据参考文献[ 19 ]修改)
Fig.1 The sketch map of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in carbonate reservoir(modified after reference[19])
图1 碳酸盐岩储层缝洞储集体垂向形态示意图(据参考文献[ 19 ]修改)
Fig.1 The sketch map of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in carbonate reservoir(modified after reference[19])
图2 典型碳酸盐岩缝洞储集体剖面(据参考文献[ 33 ]修改)
Fig.2 Typical carbonate reservoir fractured-vuggy reservoir zones section(modified after reference[33])
图2 典型碳酸盐岩缝洞储集体剖面(据参考文献[ 33 ]修改)
Fig.2 Typical carbonate reservoir fractured-vuggy reservoir zones section(modified after reference[33])
图3 不同岩石成分溶蚀能力对比分析(数据来源于参考文献[ 27 ])
Fig.3 Comparative analysis of dissolution capacity of different rock compositions(data source from reference[27])
图3 不同岩石成分溶蚀能力对比分析(数据来源于参考文献[ 27 ])
Fig.3 Comparative analysis of dissolution capacity of different rock compositions(data source from reference[27])
表1 岩溶溶蚀流体类型(据参考文献[ 38 ]修改)
Table 1 Types of karst dissolution fluids(modified after reference[38])
表1 岩溶溶蚀流体类型(据参考文献[ 38 ]修改)
Table 1 Types of karst dissolution fluids(modified after reference[38])
图4 流体输导体系分布模式图(据参考文献[ 38 ]修改)
Fig.4 Distribution pattern diagram of fluid dredging system(modified after reference[38])
图4 流体输导体系分布模式图(据参考文献[ 38 ]修改)
Fig.4 Distribution pattern diagram of fluid dredging system(modified after reference[38])
图5 塔河油田主体区前石炭纪古岩溶地貌平面分区图(据参考文献[ 27 ]修改)
Fig.5 Partition map of pre-Carboniferous paleo-karst landforms in the main area of Tahe oilfield(modified after reference[27])
图5 塔河油田主体区前石炭纪古岩溶地貌平面分区图(据参考文献[ 27 ]修改)
Fig.5 Partition map of pre-Carboniferous paleo-karst landforms in the main area of Tahe oilfield(modified after reference[27])
表2 不同古地貌类型中缝洞储集体发育特征(据参考文献[ 48 ]修改)
Table 2 Development's characteristics of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in different paleo-geomorphic types(modified after reference[48])
表2 不同古地貌类型中缝洞储集体发育特征(据参考文献[ 48 ]修改)
Table 2 Development's characteristics of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in different paleo-geomorphic types(modified after reference[48])
图6 缝洞储集体发育模式——以塔河油田为例(据参考文献[32,48]修改)
Fig.6 Development mode of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones—Tarim oilfield as an example(modified after references[32,48])
图6 缝洞储集体发育模式——以塔河油田为例(据参考文献[32,48]修改)
Fig.6 Development mode of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones—Tarim oilfield as an example(modified after references[32,48])
图7 碳酸盐岩储层缝洞储集体组合模式示意图
I.独立裂缝系统,塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组(O 1p);II.独立溶洞系统,塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组(O 1p);III.裂缝—溶洞系统,塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组(O 1p);IV.裂缝—断层网络系统,塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组(O 1p);V.裂缝—断层—溶洞系统,塔里木盆地一间房组(O 2yj);VI.断层—溶洞系统,塔里木盆地一间房组(O 2yj)
Fig.7 Schematic diagram of the combined model of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in carbonate
I. Independent Fracture system, Tarim Basin Penglaiba group(O 1p); II. Independent Vuggy system, Tarim Basin Penglaiba group(O 1p); III. Fracture-Vuggy syetem, Tarim Basin Penglaiba group(O 1p); IV. Fracture-Fault system, Tarim Basin Penglaiba group(O 1p); V. Fracture-Fault-Vuggy system,Tarim Basin Yijianfang group(O 2yj); VI. Fault-Vuggy system, Tarim Basin Yijianfang(O 2yj)
图7 碳酸盐岩储层缝洞储集体组合模式示意图
I.独立裂缝系统,塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组(O 1p);II.独立溶洞系统,塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组(O 1p);III.裂缝—溶洞系统,塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组(O 1p);IV.裂缝—断层网络系统,塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组(O 1p);V.裂缝—断层—溶洞系统,塔里木盆地一间房组(O 2yj);VI.断层—溶洞系统,塔里木盆地一间房组(O 2yj)
Fig.7 Schematic diagram of the combined model of the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in carbonate
I. Independent Fracture system, Tarim Basin Penglaiba group(O 1p); II. Independent Vuggy system, Tarim Basin Penglaiba group(O 1p); III. Fracture-Vuggy syetem, Tarim Basin Penglaiba group(O 1p); IV. Fracture-Fault system, Tarim Basin Penglaiba group(O 1p); V. Fracture-Fault-Vuggy system,Tarim Basin Yijianfang group(O 2yj); VI. Fault-Vuggy system, Tarim Basin Yijianfang(O 2yj)
图8 断裂体系与缝洞储集体耦合关系——以塔河油田为例 [ 92 ]
Fig.8 Coupling relationship between fracture system and the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones—Tarim oilfield as an example [ 92 ]
图8 断裂体系与缝洞储集体耦合关系——以塔河油田为例 [ 92 ]
Fig.8 Coupling relationship between fracture system and the fractured-vuggy reservoir zones—Tarim oilfield as an example [ 92 ]
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