东海海—气界面二氧化碳通量的季节变化与控制因素研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2013.07.0783

通过对东海海—气界面二氧化碳（CO₂）交换有关研究的总结，剖析了东海表层海水CO₂分压（pCO₂）的区域分布特征，探讨了海—气界面CO₂通量（FCO₂）的季节变化规律，诠释了影响海—气界面CO₂转移的主要因素。结果表明，东海表层海水pCO₂的区域分布具有明显的季节变化，可将其分为冬季、夏季、过渡季节（春季、秋季）3个时段。冬季西部近岸海域由于水体垂直交换强烈，造成表层水体pCO₂较高，而中、东部陆架海域由于浮游生物的光合作用使得pCO₂较低。夏季近岸河口海域由于陆源输入的影响导致pCO₂较高，中、东部陆架海域受温跃层、长江冲淡水、浮游植物的综合作用pCO₂较低。春季、秋季为过渡时段，表层海水pCO₂分布变化剧烈，受控因素较为复杂。东海全年表现为大气CO₂的净汇，其中冬、春、夏为碳汇，其海—气界面FCO₂分别为（-6.68±6.93），（-4.94±0.80），（-3.67±1.09） mmol/（m²·d）。秋季表现为碳源，通量约为（1.50±8.37） mmol/（m²·d）。东海全年平均通量约为-3.16 mmol/（m²·d），共可吸收CO²约为6.92×10⁶ t C/a。不同季节海—气界面FCO₂的年际变化凸显了人为因素的影响，近海富营养化加剧，三峡工程的运行都可能是造成东海冬季碳汇量减少、秋季碳源/汇格局转变的原因。

关键词: 海—气界面CO₂通量, 季节变化, 控制因素, 长江冲淡水, 东海

Spatial variations of the CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂) in surface water, seasonal variations of the airsea CO₂ exchange flux (FCO₂), and major controlling factors of the CO₂ transfer were reviewed based on the summary of CO₂ exchange in the East China Sea (ECS). Spatial distribution of pCO₂in the ECS underwent three different phases: the winter phase, the summer phase, and the transition phase (spring and autumn). The western coastal area acted as CO₂ source on account of vertical convection during the winter phase, whereas the shelf region acted as CO₂sink because of the phytoplankton activity. Estuary in the shallower shelf possessed high pCO₂ for terrigenous input in the summer phase while the major shelf had low pCO₂under the comprehensive function of thermocline, Changjiang diluted water, and photosynthesis. During the transition phase in spring and autumn, the distribution of pCO₂ varied dramatically and got complex controlling factors. The winter, spring, and summer could absorb atmospheric CO₂with the flux for （-6.68±6.93）, （-4.94±0.80）, （-3.67±1.09） mmol/（m²·d）, respectively, whereas the autumn could release CO₂with the flux for （2.64±7.06）mmol/（m²·d）. The ECS serves as a carbon sink with the annual air-sea CO₂ flux for -3.16 mmol/(m²·d), which equals to 6.92×10⁶t C/a. Anthropogenic activities and the aggregative of eutrophication were the principal reason for the annual variation of CO₂flux probably.

Key words: Air-sea CO₂ flux, Seasonal variation, Controlling factor, Changjiang diluted water, The East China Sea.

中图分类号:

P734.2+2

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Advances of Seasonal Variations and Controlling Factors of the Air-Sea CO 2 Flux in the East China Sea

Advances of Seasonal Variations and Controlling Factors of the Air-Sea CO ₂ Flux in the East China Sea