气候模式中积雪覆盖率参数化方案的对比研究

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.05.0512

地球科学进展 ›› 2009, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 512 -522. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.05.0512

李伟平 ^1，2,刘新 ³,聂肃平 ^1，2,郭晓寅 ⁴,史学丽 ^1，2

1.国家气候中心气候系统模式室，北京 100081; 2.中国气象局气候研究开放实验室，北京 100081;
3.中国科学院青藏高原研究所，北京 100085; 4.中国气象科学研究院，北京 100081

收稿日期:2009-02-12 修回日期:2009-03-04 出版日期:2009-05-10
通讯作者: 李伟平 E-mail:liwp@cma.gov.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“我国冰冻圈动态过程及其对气候、水文和生态的影响机理与适应对策”（编号：2007CB411505）和“亚印太交汇区海气相互作用及其对我国短期气候的影响”（编号：2006CB403600）;国家自然科学基金项目“喜马拉雅山北部地区地表通量对大气环流的影响”（编号：40745024）共同资助.

Comparative Studies of Snow Cover Parameterization Schemes Used in Climate Models

Li Weiping ^1，2,Liu Xin ³,Nie Suping ^1，2,Guo Xiaoyin ⁴,Shi Xueli ^1，2

1.National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;
2.Laboratory for Climate Studies, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;
3.Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
4.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2009-02-12 Revised:2009-03-04 Online:2009-05-10 Published:2009-05-10

下载PDF ( 2007 )

利用基于NCEP再分析的近地面气候资料驱动陆面过程模型NCAR CLM3，检验了6种积雪覆盖率参数化方案（CLM3、Douville1995、Roesch2001、Wu2004、Yang1997、Niu2007）模拟的积雪覆盖率的季节变化，并与NOAA AVHRR得到的观测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明，在NCAR CLM3的物理过程框架之下，CLM3、Douville1995、Roesch2001三种方案低估了广大地区的积雪覆盖率，模拟的雪线位置偏北，尤其是在秋季积雪初期;Wu2004方案低估了秋季欧亚大陆的积雪覆盖率;Yang1997方案模拟的积雪覆盖率有些偏高，尤其是在积雪覆盖区的南部边缘;考虑积雪密度变化的Niu2007方案一定程度上克服了Yang1997方案的正偏差。春季末期，6种方案模拟的雪线位置都偏北。在地形比较平缓的地区，Niu2007方案的整体效果最好。观测和模拟的积雪覆盖率的出现频数大部分集中在低（小于0.2）和高（大于0.8）覆盖率等级，中等覆盖率所占比例很少。

关键词: 气候模式, 积雪覆盖率, 参数化, 季节变化

Forced by NCEP reanalysis based land surface climate data, NCAR CLM3 was run in an offline way with 6 parameterization schemes (CLM3 default, Douville1995, Roesch2001, Wu2004, Yang1997, Niu2007) for calculation of snow cover fraction (SCF) to investigate the performance of these SCF parameterization schemes in simulating the seasonal variation of snow cover. In comparison with the observations derived from NOAA AVHRR, under the framework of NCAR CLM3, SCF schemes like CLM3 default, Douville1995, and Roesch 2001 underestimate SCF over vast areas, snow lines simulated in these three schemes are located to the south of that in the AVHRR observation, especially in autumn when snow pack begins to establish; Wu2004 scheme also underestimates SCF in the Eurasian continent in autumn; Yang1997 scheme slightly overestimates SCF, especially along the southern border of the snow covered area; Niu2007 scheme which accounts for the seasonal variation of snow density overcomes the positive bias of SCF simulated by Yang1997 scheme to some extent. At the end of spring, snow lines simulated by all the aforementioned 6 schemes are located to the north of the AVHRR observation. Over most land areas with relatively small variation of topography, Niu2007 scheme performs the best. The frequency of low SCF (less than 0.2) or high SCF (more than 0.8) are dominant in both the AVHRR observation and simulations of all the 6 parameterization schemes, moderate SCF (between 0.2 and 0.8) are rare phenomena.

Key words: Climate model, Snow cover fraction, Parameterization, Seasonal variation

中图分类号:

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