[1]Huang J, Guan X, Ji F. Enhanced cold-season warming in semi-arid regions [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012, 12: 5 391-5 398.
[2]Wallace J M, Fu Q, Smoliaka B V, et al. Simulated versus observed patterns of warming over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere continents during the cold season [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109: 14 337-14 342.
[3]Lindzen R S. Climate dynamics and global change [J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1994, 26: 353-378.
[4]Stone P H, Miller D A. Empirical relations between seasonal changes in meridional temperature gradients and meridional fluxes of heat [J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1980, 37: 1 708-1 721.
[5]Gitelman A I, Risbey J S, Kass R E, et al. Trends in the surface meridional temperature gradient [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1997, 24 (10): 1 243-1 246.
[6]Fu Q, Johanson C M, Wallace J M, et al. Enhanced mid-latitude tropospheric warming in satellite measurements [J]. Science, 2006, 312: 1 179-1 186.
[7]Möller F. On the influence of changes in CO
2 concentration in air on the radiative balance of the Earth’s surface and on the climate [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1963, 68: 3 877-3 886.
[8]Sun D Z, Lindzen S R. Water vapor feedback and the ice age snowline record [J]. Annales de Geophysique, 1993, 11: 204-215.
[9]Cess R D, Potter G L, Blanchet P J, et al. Interpretation of cloud-climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models [J]. Science, 1989, 245: 513-516.
[10]Wetherland R T, Manabe S. Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model [J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1988, 45: 1 397-1 415.
[11]Schneider S H, Dickinson R E. Climate modeling [J]. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 1974, 12: 447-493.
[12]Xiao Dengpan, Tao Fulu, Moiwo Juana P. Research progress on surface albedo under global change[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2011, 26(11): 1 217-1 224. [肖登攀, 陶福禄, Moiwo Juana P. 全球变化下地表反照率研究进展 [J]. 地球科学进展, 2011, 26(11): 1 217-1 224.]
[13]North G R. Analytical solution to a simple climate model with diffusive heat transport [J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1975, 32: 1 301-1 307.
[14]Coakley J A. A study of climate sensitivity using a simple energy balance model[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1979, 36: 260-269.
[15]Phillips N A. The general circulation of the atmosphere: A numerical experiment [J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1956, 82: 123-164.
[16]Manabe S, Bryan K. Climate calculations with a combined ocean-atmosphere model [J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1969, 26: 786-789.
[17]Budyko M I. The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate [J]. Tellus, 1969, 21: 611-619.
[18]Sellers W D. A climate model based on the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system [J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1969, 8: 392-400.
[19]Sellers W D. A new global climate model [J]. Journal of Meteorology, 1973, 12: 241-254.
[20]Huang Jianping. Theoretical Climate Model [M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1992: 37-81.[黄建平. 理论气候模式 [M]. 北京:气象出版社, 1992: 37-81.]
[21]North G R, Short D A, Mengel J G. Simple energy balance model resolving the seasons and the continents: Application to the astronomical theory of the ice ages [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1983, 88(C11): 6 576-6 586.
[22]North G R, Coakley J A. Differences between seasonal and mean annual energy balance model calculations of climate and climate sensitivity [J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1979, 36: 1 189-1 204.
[23]Uppala S M, Kllberg P W, Simmons A J, et al. The ERA-40 re-analysis [J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2005, 131: 2 961-3 012.
[24]Keeling C D, Whorf T P. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Record from Mauna Loa[DB/OL]. (2012-09-26)[2013-03-01].http:∥cdiac,ornl.gov/trends/co2/sio-mlo.html.
[25]Shi G. Radiative forcing and greenhouse effect due to the atmospheric trace gases [J]. Science in China (Series B), 1992, 35: 217-229.
[26]Serreze M C, Francis J A. The arctic amplification debate [J]. Climatic Change, 2006, 76: 241-264.
[27]Comiso J C, Parkinson C L, Gersten R, et al. Accelerated decline in the Arctic sea ice cover [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2008, 35, L01703, doi:10.1029/2007GL031972. |