中国1956—2006年地表土壤冻结天数时空分布及其变化特征

地球科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (11): 1269 -1275.

王康 ¹, 张廷军 ^{2, 3, *}

1.兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000; 2.兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州 730000; 3.National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO 80309, USA

收稿日期:2013-06-13 出版日期:2013-11-10
通讯作者: 张廷军(1957-),男,甘肃庆阳人,教授,主要从事冰冻圈科学研究. E-mail: tjzhang@lzu.edu.cn E-mail:tjzhang@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“全球典型干旱半干旱区季节性积雪和冻土的年际变化特征”(编号：2012CB955301); 国家基础科学人才培养基金“冰川学冻土学特殊学科点”(编号：J1210003/J0109)资助.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Variations in the Near-surface Soil Freezing Days across China, 1956-2006

Wang Kang ¹, Zhang Tingjun ^{1, 2, *}

1.Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000, China; 2.College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; 3.National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO 80309, USA

Received:2013-06-13 Online:2013-11-10 Published:2013-11-10

全文 ( 3 ) 下载PDF ( 1518 )

应用中国境内845个气象台站的地表日最低温度资料,计算分析了近地表土壤冻结天数在1971—2000年的气候平均值；探讨了其空间的分布特征及其与冻土分布的关系；构建并分析了1956—2006年地表土壤冻结天数的时间序列及其与气侯变化的关系。结果表明,中国境内近地表土壤冻结天数的气候平均值随纬度增加、海拔升高而增加。青藏高原、新疆北部和东北地区北部多年平均冻结天数均超过200天。多年冻土区的边界与冻结天数(220±10)天的等值线高度吻合。按冻结天数大于15天为季节冻土区的定义,中国季节冻土的最南界约为25°N,22°N以南地区基本为非冻结区。自1956年以来,中国境内近地表土壤冻结天数呈显著的下降趋势,变化速率为-0.22d/a,但20世纪90年代以后,其减少速率可达-1.02 d/a。近地表土壤冻结天数的变化与气温变化呈负相关关系,即随气温升高近地表土壤冻结天数减少。

关键词: 气候变化, 地表温度, 冻土, 土壤表面, 冻结天数

Using surface soil daily minimum temperature from 845 meteorological stations across China, the long-term (1971-2000) mean and spatial distribution of the near-surface soil freezing days were estimated with annual values of the number of nearsurface soil freezing days. The time series for the number of freezing days were constructed and compared with air temperatures in the same period.Resultsshowed that longterm mean value in the number of the nearsurface soil freezing days increased with the increasing latitudes and altitudes over China. Near-surface soils were frozen for more than 200 days in the QinghaiTibet Plateau, northern Xinjiang and northeast of China. The boundaries of permafrost zones coincide with the contour of (220±10) days of near-surface soil freezing. Using the mean number of 15 days of near-surface soil freezing as criterion, we found that the southern boundary of seasonally frozen ground is around the 25°N line, and the regions south of 22°N are essentially unfrozen regions. The timeseries of the number of freezing days showed a significant linear trend with change with a slope of -0.22days/year over a period from 1956 through 2006. After the 1990s, the linear slope was up to -1.02 days / year, indicating that the rate of decrease in the number of near-surface soil freezing days has accelerated. Changes in the number of nearsurface soil freezing were in a negative correlation with air temperature, i.e., the number of near-surface soil freezing days decreases with increase in air temperature.Backgroundcolor represents the contour values of the departure of near-surface soil freezing days from the 1971-2000 mean; Black dashed line is the boundary of permafrost regions, red dashed line is the boundary between frozen and unfrozen ground regions in China

Key words: Frozen ground., Number of freezing days, Climate change, Soil surface, Soil temperature

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