地球科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (8): 797 -809. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.084

青藏高原复杂地表蒸散发及其对水塔效应影响 上一篇    下一篇

基于 CAS-ESM2的青藏高原蒸散发的模拟与预估
田凤云 1, 2( ),吴成来 1( ),张贺 1,林朝晖 1, 2   
  1. 1.中国科学院大气物理研究所 国际气候与环境科学中心,北京 100029
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-07 修回日期:2021-07-26 出版日期:2021-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 吴成来 E-mail:tianfengyun@mail.iap.ac.cn;wuchenglai@mail.iap.ac.cn;wuchenglai@ mail.iap.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“高分辨率全球陆面过程模式研发与应用”(2017YFA0604304);国家自然科学基金面上项目“青藏高原雪上吸收性气溶胶沉降对地表能量和水分循环影响的模拟研究”(41975119)

Simulation and Projection of Evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau Based on CAS-ESM2

Fengyun TIAN 1, 2( ),Chenglai WU 1( ),He ZHANG 1,Zhaohui LIN 1, 2   

  1. 1.International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2021-05-07 Revised:2021-07-26 Online:2021-08-10 Published:2021-09-22
  • Contact: Chenglai WU E-mail:tianfengyun@mail.iap.ac.cn;wuchenglai@mail.iap.ac.cn;wuchenglai@ mail.iap.ac.cn
  • About author:TIAN Fengyun (1996-), female, Jinan City, Shandong Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include terrestrial water cycle and land surface model. E-mail: tianfengyun@mail.iap.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China "Development of global high resolution land surface model and its applications"(2017YFA0604304);The National Natural Science Foundation of China "Simulation of the effect of absorptive aerosol deposition on snow to land surface energy and water cycle over the Tibetan Plateau"(41975119)

利用GLEAM V3.3a实际蒸散发资料,评估了中国科学院地球系统模式(CAS-ESM2)对青藏高原蒸散发的模拟性能,并给出了模式对未来气候变化情景下高原蒸散发变化的预估。结果表明:CAS-ESM2可以较好地模拟出青藏高原蒸散发的空间分布与季节循环特征,以及1981—2014年蒸散发的增加趋势,但趋势的幅值相对观测偏弱。未来预估试验结果显示,4种不同未来共享社会经济路径(SSPs)情景下青藏高原蒸散发均普遍增加,其中SSP585情景下的增加最为显著,且喜马拉雅山脉地区蒸散发的增加量值最大。相较于1995—2014年历史时期,年均蒸散发在2041—2060年增加46.3~65.8 mm,增幅为13.4%~19.0%;2081—2100年,年均蒸散发增加75.7~151.1 mm,增幅为21.7%~43.6%。影响蒸散发未来变化的因素具有区域性差异,高原中部和南部受气温变化影响更大,而柴达木盆地、羌塘高原中部受降水变化影响更大。

The performance of Earth System Model Version 2 of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS-ESM2) in simulating the evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau was evaluated using the GLEAM dataset, i.e., Global Land Surface Evaporation: the Amsterdam Methodology Version 3.3a. Then, the projected future changes of evapotranspiration and relevant meteorological variables over the Tibetan Plateau using CAS-ESM2 were also been presented. The results show that CAS-ESM2 can reasonably reproduce the observed geographical distribution and seasonal cycle of evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau. CAS-ESM2 can also reproduce the increasing trend of evapotranspiration during 1981-2014 over the plateau, but with relatively weaker magnitudes. Based on the CAS-ESM2 projection results under four different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios,

中图分类号: 

图 1 GLEAMCAS-ESM2模拟的青藏高原19812014年平均的年[(a)和(b)]、季节[(c~j)]蒸散发量
Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of annual and seasonal mean evapotranspiration mm from GLEAM [(a), (c~f)] and CAS-ESM2 simulation [(b), (g~j)] over the Tibetan Plateau during 1981-2014
图 2 CN05.1CAS-ESM2模拟的青藏高原19812014年平均降水强度、地表气温的空间分布
(a)和(c) 分别为CN05.1观测降水和地表气温;(b)和(d) 分别为CAS-ESM2模拟降水和地表气温
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of annual mean precipitation rate and surface air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau from CN05.1 and CAS-ESM2 during 1981-2014
(a) Precipitation (c) surface air temperature are from CN05.1;(b) Precipitation (d) surface air temperature are from CAS-ESM2
图 3 青藏高原全域(a)及其西部(b)、东部(c)区域平均蒸散发的季节循环
红色实线为GLEAM资料结果,蓝色虚线为CAS-ESM2模拟结果
Fig. 3 Seasonal cycle of evapotranspiration averaged over the a whole, (b western and c eastern Tibetan Plateau
Red solid line is for GLEAM, and blue dashed line for CAS-ESM2 simulation
图 4 青藏高原19812014年各个季节区域平均蒸散发的长期变化
(a)~(d) 为青藏高原全域; (e)~(h) 为高原西部; (i)~(l) 为高原东部;图中虚线代表线性趋势; G为GLEAM拟合结果, C为CAS-ESM2模拟的拟合结果
Fig. 4 Long-term trend of regional-averaged seasonal evapotranspiration during 1981-2014 over the Tibetan Plateau
(a)~(d) The whole Tibetan Plateau; (e)~(h) Western Tibetan Plateau; (i)~(l) Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The linear regression line are shown in dashed, with regression equation G for GLEAM results, and C for CAS-ESM2 results
图5 不同SSP情景下20152100年青藏高原年蒸散发的未来变化
(a)~(c)为区域平均年蒸散发与模式历史时期平均值(1995—2014年)的距平时间序列,已进行5年滑动平均;(d)~(g) 为2015—2100年蒸散发变化趋势的空间分布;打点区域代表通过95%的显著性检验
Fig. 5 Future change of annual evapotranspiration during 2015-2100 over the Tibetan Plateau under different SSP scenarios
(a)~(c) is temporal variation of projected changes in regional-averaged annual evapotranspiration relative to the historical period (1995-2014), with 5-year running mean applied to the time series; (d)~(g) Distribution of evapotranspiration trend during 2015-2100, and dotted area denotes the changes that passed 95% significance test
图 6 不同SSP情景下青藏高原近景未来(20412060年)相比历史时期(19952014年)蒸散发及各气象要素的变化
Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of changes in evapotranspiration and meteorological elements in the near-future 2041-2060 compared to historical period 1995-2014 over the Tibetan Plateau under different SSP scenarios
图 7 不同SSP情景下青藏高原远景未来(20812100年)相比历史时期(19952014年)蒸散发及各气象要素的变化
Fig. 7 Spatial distribution of changes in evapotranspiration and meteorological elements in the far-future 2081-2100 compared to historical period 1995-2014 over the Tibetan Plateau under different SSP scenarios
表 1 未来青藏高原全域、东部和西部区域平均的蒸散发、降水和气温变化
Table 1 Regional mean changes of evapotranspirationprecipitationand temperature under different SSP scenarios over the wholeeastern and western Tibetan Plateau
表2 不同情景下蒸散发与降水、气温变化百分比的空间相关系数表
Table 2 Spatial correlation between percentage change of evapotranspiration and precipitation temperature
图 8 不同SSP情景下青藏高原20152100年去趋势后的蒸散发量与各气象要素的时间相关系数空间分布
(a)~(d) 为蒸散发与降水的相关系数分布;(e)~(h) 为蒸散发与气温的相关系数分布;(i)~(l) 为蒸散发与10 m风速的相关系数分布,打点区域代表通过95%的显著性检验
Fig. 8 Spatial distribution of time correlation coefficients between detrended evapotranspiration and meteorological elements during 2015-2100 over the Tibetan Plateau under different SSP scenarios
(a)~(d) is temporal correlation coefficients between evapotranspiration and precipitation; (e)~(h) is temporal correlation coefficients between evapotranspiration and temperature; (i)~(l) is temporal correlation coefficients between evapotranspiration and 10 meter wind speed, and dotted area denotes the correlation coefficients that passed 95% significance test
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