人类用水活动对大尺度陆地水循环的影响

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.10.1091

地球科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1091 -1099. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.10.1091

人类用水活动对大尺度陆地水循环的影响

汤秋鸿 ¹(

), 黄忠伟 ^1, ², 刘星才 ¹, 韩松俊 ^3, ⁴, 冷国勇 ¹, 张学君 ^1, ², 穆梦斐 ^1, ⁵

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3.中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京 100038
4.国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京 100048
5. 清华大学水利水电工程系,北京 100084

收稿日期:2015-06-11 修回日期:2015-10-20 出版日期:2015-10-20
基金资助:
国家杰出青年科学基金项目“陆地水循环变化与全球变化的关系”(编号：41425002);全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划项目“中国及全球环境风险的区域规律研究”(编号：2012CB955403)资助

Impacts of Human Water Use on the Large-scale Terrestrial Water Cycle

Qiuhong Tang ¹( ), Zhongwei Huang ^1, ², Xingcai Liu ¹, Songjun Han ^3, ⁴, Guoyong Leng ¹, Xuejun Zhang ^1, ², Mengfei Mu ^1, ⁵

1.Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
4. National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, Beijing 100048, China
5. Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2015-06-11 Revised:2015-10-20 Online:2015-10-20 Published:2015-10-20

全文 ( 19 ) 下载PDF ( 1443 )

随着人口增长和经济社会快速发展,人类活动已成为陆地水循环变化的重要驱动因子,人类用水活动对陆地水循环的影响越来越受到人们的关注。回顾近年来人类用水活动对大尺度陆地水循环影响方面的研究进展;阐述灌溉、生活和工业用水、水库调节以及地下水利用等典型人类用水活动影响大尺度陆地水循环的过程与机制,并在此基础上探讨了陆面水文模型中人类用水活动参数化方案及其存在的问题。目前,陆面水文模型对人类用水活动的考虑依然不足,使得应用模型模拟陆地水循环和评估变化环境下水资源安全面临挑战。展望未来,深入认识人类用水活动与水系统的影响与反馈,开发考虑人—水系统协同演化的水系统综合评估模型,预估水安全形势的演变趋势,将成为陆地水循环和水资源研究的长期重要任务。

关键词: 人类用水活动, 陆面水文模型, 参数化方案, 陆地水循环

Along with the increase of population and extraordinary economic and social development, human appropriation of freshwater supply increases rapidly. Anthropogenic activities have become an important driving factor of the large-scale terrestrial water cycle. The hydrological effects of human water use have attracted growing attention. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the recent studies addressing the anthropogenic disturbance of the largescale terrestrial water cycle. The review focused on the direct alteration of the water cycle for human needs, with special coverage for the primary aspects of human water use such as irrigation, domestic and industrial water use, reservoir regulation and groundwater mining. The state-of-the-art parameterization schemes of human water use for macroscale land surface hydrological modeling were introduced and the limitations of the schemes were discussed. Considering the impacts of human water use on the terrestrial water cycle is currently a challenge for macroscale land surface hydrological modeling, which hinders the use of the models in assessing water resources under changing environment. Further studies are needed to understand the interactions between human and water systems, to develop integrated assessment model of coupled humanwater systems, and to assess regional and global water security.

Key words: Human water use, Hydrological model, Land surface scheme, Terrestrial water cycle.

中图分类号:

P933

图1 考虑灌溉的分布式生物圈水文模型（修改自文献[ 47 ]）

Fig. 1 The Distributed Biosphere-Hydrological (DBH) model with an irrigation scheme (modified from reference [ 47 ])

图2 华北平原2003—2011年煤炭运输、水库蓄水、跨流域调水等人为地表质量变化对GRACE信号的贡献（修改自文献[ 61 ]）

Fig. 2 The mass changes of natural surface water, reservoir, coal transport and inter-basin water diversion contributed to the GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates in the North China Plain during 2003-2011(modified from reference [ 61 ])

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