地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1081 -1090. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.10.1081.

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岩石风化碳汇研究进展：基于IPCC 第五次气候变化评估报告的分析
蒲俊兵( ), 蒋忠诚 *( ), 袁道先, 章程   
  1. 国土资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西 桂林541004
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-29 修回日期:2015-08-21 出版日期:2015-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 蒋忠诚 E-mail:junbingpu@karst.ac.cn;zhjiang@karst.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“岩溶水动态变化对岩溶水体水生植物碳汇效应的影响研究”（编号：41202185）;国家自然科学基金面上项目“岩溶地表水体水—气界面CO 2交换通量的时空差异及其控制机制”（编号：41572234）资助

Some Opinions on Rock-Weathering-Related Carbon Sinks from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

Junbing Pu( ), Zhongcheng Jiang( ), Daoxian Yuan, Cheng Zhang   

  1. Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Land and Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
  • Received:2015-06-29 Revised:2015-08-21 Online:2015-10-20 Published:2015-10-20
全文 ( 21 ) 下载PDF ( 2024 )

岩石风化碳汇特别是碳酸盐岩风化碳汇积极参与了全球碳循环过程。最新的IPCC第五次气候变化评估报告（AR5）指出全球岩石风化碳汇约为0.4 Pg C/a,占不平衡碳通量的1/2~1/3,并改进和区分了岩石风化碳汇的时间尺度,将硅酸盐岩风化碳汇时间尺度视为104~106年,碳酸盐岩风化碳汇时间尺度视为103~104年。AR5报告将岩石风化碳汇列为CO2移除的4种方法之一,其碳酸盐岩风化碳汇时间尺度属于百年至千年级。虽然AR5报告提出了前述新认识,但仍认为岩石风化碳汇速率太慢,未纳入全球碳收支核算。结合近年来的研究进展,讨论了AR5报告目前对岩石风化碳汇在通量、时间尺度和风化碳汇效应等方面认识的不足,提出了加强岩石风化碳汇速率、稳定性、影响因素和尺度转换方面的研究建议,以期进一步加强岩石风化碳汇研究工作,为平衡全球碳收支做出科学贡献。

关键词: 岩石风化碳汇, 通量变化, 时间尺度, IPCC报告

Many recent researches show that rock-weathering-related carbon sink, especially carbonate-weathering-related carbon sink, actively takes part in the modern global carbon cycle, which might greatly contribute to balancing global carbon budget. Some new opinions on flux, time scale and effect of rock-weatheringrelated carbon sink were released in IPCC fifth Assessment Report (AR5). The flux of global rock-weatheringrelated carbon sink is about 0.4 Pg C/a in AR5 report, which accounts for about 1/2~1/3 of unbalanced global carbon budget. New time scale of global rock-weathering-related carbon sink was released. Time scale of silicate-weathering-related carbon sink is 104~ 106 year, while carbonate-weathering-related carbon sink (karst processes) is 103~104 year. A highlight is that rock-weathering-related carbon sink is listed as one of four carbon dioxide removal methods in AR5 report, whose time scale is 102~ 103 year. Although AR5 report released these new opinions, it is still thought that the rate of global rock-weatheringrelated carbon sink is currently too small to offset the rate at which fossil fuel CO2 is being emitted. According to many researches in the field of rock weathering science in the past decades, this review discussed the shortage in carbon flux, time scale and effect of rockweathering-related carbon sink in AR5 report. Many recent researches indicated that the carbon sink originated from carbonate rock weathering was a fast and sensitive geochemical process, which showed multiple time scales (diel, seasonal, annual or storm event). A new model based on H2O carbonate-CO2-aquatic phototroph interaction was established, which coupled geological, land surface water, and submerged phototroph carbon cycle process. The global carbon sink from carbonate rock weathering in new model is 0.477 Pg C/a,which accounts for about 39%~59% of unbalanced global carbon budget. Some key scientific issues on rate, stability, controlling mechanisms and scaling of rock-weatheringrelated carbon sink should be vitally concerned in the future, which could greatly contribute to balancing the global carbon budget.

Key words: Rock-weathering-related carbon sink, Flux variation, Time scale, IPCC assessment report.

中图分类号: 

表1 全球CO 2收支表（修改自文献[ 1 ]）
Table 1 Global CO 2 budget（modified after reference [ 1 ]）
1750—2011年累积量/（Pg C） 1980—1989年
/（Pg C/a）		 1990—1999年/
（Pg C/a）		 2000—2009年/
（Pg C/a）		 2002—2011年/
（Pg C/a）
大气增量 240 ±10 3.4 ±0.2 3.1 ±0.2 4.0 ±0.2 4.3 ±0.2
化石燃料燃烧和水泥生产排放量 375 ±30 5.5 ±0.2 6.4 ±0.5 7.8 ±0.6 8.3 ±0.7
海洋碳汇量 -155 ±30 -2.0 ±0.7 -2.2 ±0.7 -2.3 ±0.7 -2.4 ±0.7
陆地—大气通量
分配如下:		 30 ±45 -0.1 ±0.8 -1.1 ±0.9 -1.5 ±0.9 -1.6 ±1.0
土地利用变化排放量 180 ±80 1.4 ±0.8 1.5 ±0.8 1.1 ±0.8 0.9 ±0.8
剩余陆地碳汇 -160 ±90 -1.5 ±1.1 -2.6 ±1.2 -2.6 ±1.2 -2.5 ±1.3
图1 1750 ~ 2011年人为CO 2排放量及其在大气圈、陆地和海洋之间的分配（修改自文献[ 1 ]）
Fig.1 Annual anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and their partitioning among the atmosphere, land and ocean from 1750 to 2011 （modified after reference [ 1 ]）
表2 地表主要的CO 2汇过程,时间尺度及涉及的主要（生物）化学过程（修改自文献[ 1 ]）
Table 2 The main natural processes that remove CO 2, their atmospheric CO 2 adjustment time scales and main (bio)chemical reactions involved（modified after reference [ 1 ]）
作用过程 时间尺度/年 反应方程
生态系统：光合作用—呼吸作用 1 ~ 102 6CO2+6H2O+光→C6H12O6+6O2
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+热
海洋：海水缓冲 10 ~ 103 CO2+CO32-+H2O2HCO3-
碳酸盐岩风化
（碳酸钙溶解）		 103 ~ 104 CO2+CaCO3+H2O→Ca2++2HCO3-
硅酸盐岩风化 104 ~ 106 CO2+CaSiO3→CaCO3+SiO2
图2 基于H 2O-CaCO 3-CO 2-水生光合生物相互作用的岩溶作用碳循环模型 [ 35 , 36 ] AOC:内源有机碳;SAOC：内源沉积有机碳;Q1：地下水流量;Q2：地表水流量;IC1：地下水系统中的溶解无机碳;DIC2：地表水系统中的溶解无机碳
Fig. 2 Conceptual model of the carbon cycle produced by carbonate weathering (karst processes) based on H 2O-carbonate-CO 2-aquatic phototroph interaction [ 35 , 36 ] AOC：autochthonous organic carbon;SAOC：autochthonous sedimentary organic carbon;Q1：discharge from the groundwater system;Q2：discharge from the surface water system;DIC1：dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in the groundwater system;DIC2： dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in the surface water system
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