黔中气溶胶传输的
  <sup>210</sup>Pb和
  <sup>7</sup>Be示踪：Ⅰ．周时间尺度的解释

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.05.0492

地球科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 492 -504. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2010.05.0492

黔中气溶胶传输的 ²¹⁰Pb和 ⁷Be示踪：Ⅰ．周时间尺度的解释

万国江 ¹,郑向东 ²,Lee H N ³,Bai Z G ⁴,万恩源 ¹,王仕禄 ¹,杨伟 ¹,苏菲 ⁵,汤洁 ²,王长生 ¹,黄荣贵 ¹,刘鹏 ⁶

1.中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室，贵州贵阳 550002;2.中国气象科学研究院，北京 100081; 3.Environmental Measurements Laboratory,New York NY10014-7447, USA; 4.ISRIC-World Soil Information，Wageningen 6700 AJ, the Netherlands; 5.贵州省气象局，贵州贵阳 550002; 6.中国大气本底基准观象台，青海西宁 810001

收稿日期:2009-09-24 修回日期:2010-03-29 出版日期:2010-05-10
通讯作者: 万国江 E-mail:wanguojiang@vip.skleg.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“环境中Pu的地球化学运移”（编号：40873086）,“黔中大气核素（Pb-210，Be-7）与气溶胶关系”（编号：40773071）,“Pb-210和Be-7大气沉降通量研究”（编号：40373038）,“利用⁷Be和²¹⁰Pb示踪研究高原大气微量气体成分的输送特征”（编号：40175032）, 中美国际合作项目“Tracing recent climate and environmental changes by measuring low-level radionuclides in the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, China（2001-2005）”资助.

²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be as Tracers for Aerosol Transfers at Center Guizhou，China：Ⅰ．The Explanation by Weekly Interval

Wan Guojiang ¹,Zheng Xiangdong ²,Lee H N ³,Bai Z G ⁴,Wan Enyuan ¹,Wang Shilu ¹,Yang Wei ¹,Su Fei ⁵,Tang Jie ²,Wang Changsheng ¹,Huang Ronggui ¹, Liu Peng ⁶

1.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;
2.Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
3.Environmental Measurements Laboratory, New York NY 10014-7447, USA;
4.ISRIC-World Soil Information, Wageningen 6700 AJ, the Netherlands;
5.Weather Bureau of Guizhou province，Guiyang 550002, China;
6.China Global Atmosphere Watch Baseline Observatory，Xining 810001，China

Received:2009-09-24 Revised:2010-03-29 Online:2010-05-10 Published:2010-05-10
Contact: Wan Guojiang E-mail:wanguojiang@vip.skleg.cn
Supported by:
万国江（1940），男，四川南溪人，研究员，主要从事区域环境演变、环境过程和核素示踪研究. E-mail:wanguojiang@vip.skleg.cn

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认识环境核素在不同地域空气中的浓度分布和沉降到地表环境的通量对气溶胶污染物全球扩散模型的建立和验证、沉积过程示踪和沉积计年、流域侵蚀示踪参比，以及生态系统受天然辐照的评价等多个领域都是关键的依据。自2001年以来在贵阳观风山等地逐周连续采样，对近地面空气和降水中²¹⁰Pb和⁷Be浓度的观测结果表明：①因气象条件变化，近地面空气²¹⁰Pb和⁷Be周浓度具有2~6周变幅不等的短周期波动。²¹⁰Pb空气浓度在年内的总趋势呈现出受气温变化的总体影响和降水的短暂调控;而⁷Be空气浓度出现连续不断的峰—谷交替。②两核素在近地面空气周浓度的低值同步，²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be比率较高（≥0.8），显示出海洋性贫²¹⁰Pb-⁷Be气团的入侵影响;它们高的周浓度也同步耦合，比率较低（≤0.7），显示出高层大气富⁷Be气团的输入。③²¹⁰Pb和⁷Be的周降水浓度及水—气分配系数在秋末~春季较高，而春末—秋季明显偏低。周降水浓度随同期空气浓度呈增高趋势，其季节分界分别为0.2 Bq/L和1 Bq/L;而Kd值随同期空气浓度增大呈降低趋势。²¹⁰Pb和⁷Be的降水沉降主要分布在每年的春夏季;周沉降量随同期降水量呈增大趋势，⁷Be增大的斜率约为²¹⁰Pb的3倍;当近于零降水时，它们在降水中的初始比率约为2.5。它们出现高或者较高的周降水沉降都伴随当周或邻周空气浓度的急剧下降;降水中²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be比率主要分布在≤ 0.5，并与空气中²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be比率基本同步，显示出两核素被降水清洗的效率基本相近。④2008年冰冻极端天气过程中，²¹⁰Pb-⁷Be空气浓度同步低谷并存在气溶胶低浓度与高比活度耦合。 ⑤观风山⁷Be周空气浓度显示低纬度、较高海拔地区的预期水平;短周期波动反映强下沉气流和低海拔上升气团影响分别在观风山和瓦里关山的滞后性。

关键词: 气溶胶传输, 210Pb-7Be, 周时间尺度, 观风山, 瓦里关山

It′s essential to measure air concentrations and depositional fluxes of environmental radionuclides in different regions for modeling global contamination transfer and validation, tracing deposition process and dating, referencing watershed erosion trace and assessing natural radiation of ecosystem. This study introduces the research background and methods and explains weekly variations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air and precipitation at Mt. Guanfeng/Guiyang since 2001. The results indicate that ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations in surface air fluctuate periodically at 2~6 week interval because of the meteorological condition changes. The annual trend in ²¹⁰Pb air concentration is overall influenced by air temperature variation and periodical rainfall. ⁷Be air concentration varies up and down regualarly. The synchronization of low concentrations for both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and high ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≥ 0.8) indicate oceanic poor ²¹⁰Pb-⁷Be air mass invasion. The synchronization of high concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in surface air and low ratio (²¹⁰Pb/⁷Be ≤ 0.7) implies rich ⁷Be air mass invasion from altostratus atmosphere. Weekly concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in precipitation and the K_dcoefficients are high in late Autumn to Spring, and low in late Spring to Autumn. Although ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be concentrations vary seasonally, their weekly concentrations in precipitation increase with that of air concentration. The ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be weekly concentrations for seasonal division is about 0.2 Bq/L and 1 Bq/L, respectively. However, the K_d coefficient decreases when ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations increase. Deposition of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation mainly take place in Spring and Summer; The weekly fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be increases with increasing precipitation; the increase of ⁷Be is triple of that of ²¹⁰Pb and 2.5 when precipitation nears to zero. The weekly-high fallout of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be with precipitation corresponds with the dramatic decrease of their air concentrations within or vicinal weeks. The ratio of ²¹⁰Pb to ⁷Be in rainfall is overall ≤ 0.5 and varies synchronously with the ratio in surface air, indicating that the two radionuclides are cleaned by precipitation from air at close speed. In the extreme freezing disaster in 2008, both ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be air concentrations were low and coupling with coexist of low concentration of aerosol and high nuclides activities. Weekly concentration of ⁷Be in surface air at Mt. Guanfeng demonstrates the anticipated concentration level in the low-latitude and high-elevation region; the short-term fluctuations of ⁷Be concentration indicated the hysteresis was influcenced by the strong air current submersion and the low-elevation air mass rising differently at Mt. Guanfeng and Mt. Waliguan. 

Key words: Aerosol transfers, ²¹⁰Pb-⁷Be, Weekly interval, Mt. Guanfeng, Mt. Waliguan

中图分类号:

P402

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210Pb and 7Be as Tracers for Aerosol Transfers at Center Guizhou，China：Ⅰ．The Explanation by Weekly Interval

²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be as Tracers for Aerosol Transfers at Center Guizhou，China：Ⅰ．The Explanation by Weekly Interval