天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川雪坑中pH值和电导率的季节变化及淋溶过程

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.05.0487

地球科学进展 ›› 2006, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 487 -495. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2006.05.0487

李向应 ¹,李忠勤 ¹,陈正华 ²,赵中平 ¹,尤晓妮 ¹,朱宇漫 ¹

1.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰芯与寒区环境重点实验室，天山冰川站,甘肃兰州 730000；2.兰州大学资源环境学院，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2005-10-19 修回日期:2006-03-29 出版日期:2006-05-15
通讯作者: 李向应 E-mail:shaanxilxy@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“冰芯记录形成过程中的几个基本问题研究”（编号：40571033）；国家自然科学基金项目“天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川与奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川冰雪过程观测与研究”（编号：40371028）；国家野外台站基金项目“乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川雪冰环境记录形成过程的观测与研究”（编号：052062）；国家自然科学基金创新群体项目“冰芯与寒区环境”（编号：40121101）资助.

Seaspnal Variations and Elution Processes of pH and Electrical Conductivity in Snowpits on Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River Head, Tianshan

Li Xiangying ¹,Li Zhongqin ¹,Chen Zhenghua ²,Zhao Zhongping ¹,You Xiaoni ¹,Zhu Yuman ¹

1.Tianshan Glaciological Station/Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China；2.College of Resources and Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2005-10-19 Revised:2006-03-29 Online:2006-05-15 Published:2006-05-15

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自2002年9月14日至2004年9月28日，在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川积累区雪坑中连续观测取样，频率为1次/周。对表层雪样品和粒雪坑样品的pH值和电导率进行了分析。结果表明，表层雪的pH值和电导率具有明显的季节变化趋势，与本区域的主导山谷风风向NE和ENE密切相关。在春季，由于尘暴发生频率的增加，表层雪的pH值呈现较强碱性，电导率达到最大值；在冬季，由于原生气溶胶向次生气溶胶的转化，pH值呈现较弱碱性，电导率达到最小值。在后沉积过程中（2003年10月4日至2004年9月8日），雪坑中不同时期的pH值和电导率呈现不同的季节变化特征和淋溶过程。电导率的峰值P1进入粒雪冰的时间比与它相对应的大粒径（直径>10 μm）微粒的浓度峰值提前40天左右；在有的雪坑中，pH值和电导率的峰值出现在污化层附近，与污化层的位置有较好的一致性，说明污化层对可溶性离子的淋溶作用可能有一定的影响。相关分析表明，Ca²⁺是影响表层雪中pH值和电导率变化的最主要离子。

关键词: 1号冰川, 雪坑, pH值, 电导率, 季节变化, 淋溶过程

Analysis of pH and electrical conductivity in surface snow and snowpit samples collected successively in a weekly basis from September 14, 2002 to September 28, 2004 on the east branch of Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi river head, Tianshan is presented. pH and electrical conductivity in surface snow show obvious seasonal variations, which to some extent are associated with the dominant NE and ENE valley wind. The pH in surface snow is more alkaline and electrical conductivity in surface snow reaches maximum in spring because of the Asian dust storm increases and primary aerosols contribution; pH in surface snow is less alkaline and electrical conductivity in surface snow reaches minimum in winter due to the transformation of primary aerosol to secondary aerosol. During the post-depositional processes (October 4, 2003 September 8, 2004), pH and electrical conductivity in snowpits duing different periods show visible seasonal characteristics and elution processes. The date that the peak value P1 of electrical conductivity in snowpit merges into firn ice is about 40 days prior to that of large particles (Diameter>10μm) merging into firn ice. To some extent, the peak values of pH and electrical conductivity in some snowpits occur near dust layers and their peak values also correspond to the dust layers in snowpits, which imply that dust layers probably had an influence on elution processes of soluble ions. Electrical conductivity observations indicate different elution of some of ions in snowpits, the elution of soluble ions is more likely and easier to happen than that of insoluble ions in snowpits. Furthermore, correlation analysis shows that Ca²⁺is the key ion determining pH and electrical conductivity in surface snow.

Key words: Glacier No.1, Snowpits, pH, Electrical conductivity, Seasonal variations, Elution processes.

中图分类号:

P343.6

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