中国生态系统研究网络水体pH和矿化度监测数据初步分析

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.09.1042

地球科学进展 ›› 2009, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (9): 1042 -1050. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.09.1042

张心昱,孙晓敏 ^*,袁国富,朱治林,温学发,康新斋,徐丽君

中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室;CERN水分分中心，北京 100101

收稿日期:2009-04-02 修回日期:2009-06-26 出版日期:2009-09-10
通讯作者: 孙晓敏(1957-)，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事水、热、碳通量区域监测与尺度转换方面研究. E-mail:sunxm@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“长期生态监测数据质[JP2]量控制与数据开发的方法和关键技术研究—水分监测质量控制方法研究与数据产品开发”(编号：KZCX2-YW-433-01);国家自然科学基金面上项目“土壤和气候因素对森林生态系统土壤有机碳的影响”(编号：30600091)和“氮沉降对长白山典型温带森林土壤碳动态影响实验研究”(编号：40701186)资助.

Primary Analysis of Water pH and Salinity Monitoring Data on Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN)

Zhang Xinyu,Sun Xiaomin,Yuan Guofu,Zhu Zhilin,Wen Xuefa,Kang Xinzhai,Xu Lijun

The Sub-center for Water Monitoring and Research, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observablon and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China

Received:2009-04-02 Revised:2009-06-26 Online:2009-09-10 Published:2009-09-10

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介绍了中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)陆地生态系统水环境监测指标与频率。初步分析了CERN 31个典型陆地生态系统监测地表水和地下水、6个湖泊和海湾生态系统、1个城市生态系统地下水体pH、矿化度(电导率)状况。结果表明，我国森林生态系统pH和矿化度分布规律基本一致，为从西向东、从北向南逐渐降低的趋势，pH在鼎湖山自然保护区出现强酸性(4.15)，其他台站为弱碱性、中性或弱酸性(6.01~8.26)，森林生态系统矿化度均较低(33~322 mg/L)。我国农田、荒漠、湿地生态系统水体pH和矿化度分布规律为：华北与黄土农业区、西北绿洲农业与牧业区相对较高，东北农业区和青藏高原农牧区其次，南方农业区最低;除南方农业生态系统与北方三江湿地生态系统水体pH为弱酸性(6.27~6.82)外，其他监测水体均为中性和弱碱性，500 mg/L以上矿化度水体主要出现在西北部荒漠生态系统，黄河冲积平原农业生态系统。湖泊、海湾生态系统水体和北京城市生态系统地下水pH均为弱碱性，海湾水体pH季节波动不明显，湖泊水体和北京城市地下水pH和电导率呈明显季节波动，湖泊水体pH表现为夏秋季节较高，电导率表现为6~9月较低;北京城市地下水pH为5~10月较低，矿化度(电导率)为5~7月较高。建议未来水体pH和矿化度(电导率)采取传感器原位高频率监测、在坚持长期定位监测同时增加区域调查、结合科学问题开展监测和研究，提高监测数据回答水质长期变化趋势、区域尺度人类活动影响的能力。

关键词: 中国生态系统研究网络, 水环境, 监测, pH, 矿化度, 电导率

The water quality monitoring index and frequency of typical terrestrial ecosystem on the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) were reviewed. Furthermore, the water pH and salinity of the 31 typical terrestrial ecosystems from 2004 to 2006, of the 6 lake and bay ecosystems during 2003-2007, and of one urban ecosystem during 2008 were assessed. The results showed: 1) The pH and salinity of the CERN forest ecosystems decreased from northern to southern ecosystems and from western to eastern ecosystems. The lowest pH value was in the southeast Dinghu forest ecosystem (4.15), while the pH value ranged from 6.01 to 8.26 in the other forest ecosystems. The salinity ranged from 33 to 322 mg/L in the forest ecosystems.2) The pH and salinity of the CERN agriculture-, oasis-, and marsh-ecosystem had obvious spatial trends, with the higher values in the North China Plain, Northwest oasis and desert area, the lower values in the northeast agricultural area and the lowest values in the southern agricultural area. The pH ranged from 6.70-8.45 except those in Sanjiang marsh ecosystem and southern agricultural ecosystems with the lower pH values. The higher salinity values (more than 500 mg/L) were mainly in the western oasis and Yellow River floodplain agricultural ecosystems.3) The pH in the lake, bay and Beijing urban underground water were ranged from 6.8-8.8. There is little seasonal variation of pH in bay site but significant seasonal variation of pH and electrical conductivity in the lake sites and Beijing urban underground water. In the lake sites, the pH values were higher in summer and autumn, but the electrical conductivity values were lower during June to September. While in the underground water of Beijing urban site, the pH values were lower during May to October, while the salinity (electrical conductivity) values were higher during May to July. The study suggests that the advanced in-situ remote sensor technique, with high monitoring frequency, is needed to monitor the water pH and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, in order to differentiate the seasonal variation with long term trend and clarify the natural variation with the human being effects on water quality, it is necessary to continue long-term monitoring and undertake short time investigation in catchment or regional scales, and consider the human effects (acid deposition, agricultural fertilization, irrigation and drainage, point or non-point source pollution,etc.) on water quality.

Key words: Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), Water Quality, Monitoring, pH, Salinity, Electrical conductivity

中图分类号:

X832

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