天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡特征

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.03.0298

地球科学进展 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 298 -303. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.03.0298

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡特征

韩添丁，刘时银，丁永建，焦克勤

中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2004-04-22 修回日期:2004-09-15 出版日期:2005-03-25
通讯作者: 韩添丁 E-mail:tdhan@lzb.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大项目“塔里木河流域冰川变化、趋势及对水资源变化的影响”(编号：90202013) ;国家自然科学基金项目“西北典型山区流域降水—冰雪融水径流过程对气候暖湿变化的响应机理研究”（编号：40371026）；中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目“气候变化背景下典型地区冰川冻土变化的效应研究”（编号：KZCX3-SW-345）；国家自然科学基金项目“天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川与奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川冰雪过程观测与研究”（编号：40371028）资助.

A CHARACRERISTICS MASS BALANCE OF GLACIER NO.1 AT THE HEADWATERS OF THE URUMUQI RIVER, TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS

HAN Tian-ding; LIU Shi-yin; DING Yong-jian; JIAO Ke-qin 

Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute ,CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2004-04-22 Revised:2004-09-15 Online:2005-03-25 Published:2005-03-25

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统计了天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川自1980年以来冰川表面的单点物质平衡，分析了不同季节物质平衡及其冰川变化特征。研究表明，1号冰川厚度较之1959年平均减薄了9 599 mm；1997—2002年为实际观测以来连续的强负物质平衡时段，平均物质平衡为-739.6 mm /a。物质平衡与气温、降水的相关分析显示：1号冰川物质平衡主要取决于夏季平均气温的高低，二者具有较好的反相关关系（相关系数为-0.72），而与降水的关系相对较差。20世纪80年代末以来，1号冰川退缩速度明显增大，尤以2000—2002年为甚，西支冰川退缩速度为连续的高值(退缩速度分别为6.92 m/a、6.95 m/a和6.25 m/a)；东支冰川的退缩速度与高度大于4 200 m的高度带区间的平均物质平衡值有较好的相关关系（相关系数为0.65），表明了1号冰川进退的动力主要源于冰川积累区的物质平衡大小。

关键词: 乌鲁木齐河源, 1号冰川, 物质平衡, 气温, 降水

Based on in site continuous observations of mass balance over the Glacier No.1 in the source region of the Urumqi river, we analyzed the spatialtemporal variations of the surface mass balance series beginning from 1980 at each measurement sites on the glacier. Besides, attention has also been paid to variations in the glacier frontal position and the equilibrium line altitude and the relationship between mass balance and climatic factors. The source region of the Urumuqi river has seen a rising in air temperature and an increase in precipitation after the mid-1990s. Under such a pattern of climate change during the last decades, Glacier No.1 has been in an intensive mass wastage, amounted to 9599mm during 1959 and 2002, which corresponding to the thickness thinning over 10m on the glacier. An accelerating trend of mass losing on Glacier No.1 was observed to be -739.6 mm annually during 1987-2002. Variation in mass balance of the Glacier No.1 is primarily under control by the summer air temperatures, a good negative relation exists between the mass balance and the summer mean air temperature with the correlation coefficient of -0.72 at the 99% significance level. It was found that cold seasonal precipitations played a key role in the variation in winter balance. Affected by the accelerated mass wasting, the Glacier No.1 has experienced an obvious retreat at the terminus part since the 1980s, and this was more evident at the end of west branch of Glacier No.1 during 2000 and 2002. A statistical analysis showed that the accelerating retreat of the east branch might have close relation with the variations of specific mass balance in the area above 4200 m a.s.l. on Glacier No. 1.

Key words: The source area of Urumuqi river, Mass balance, Glacier No.1, Climate change

中图分类号:

P343.6

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