用非传统稳定同位素探索全球大洋玄武岩、深海橄榄岩成因和地球动力学的几个重要问题

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.02.0111

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 111 -127. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.02.0111

牛耀龄 ^1, ^2, ³(

), 龚红梅 ^1, ², 王晓红 ^1, ², 肖媛媛 ^1, ², 郭鹏远 ^1, ², 邵凤丽 ^1, ^2, ⁴, 孙普 ^1, ^2, ⁴, 陈硕 ^1, ^2, ⁴, 段梦 ^1, ^2, ⁵, 孔娟娟 ^1, ^2, ⁴, 王国栋 ^1, ², 薛琦琪 ^1, ^2, ⁵, 高雅洁 ^1, ^2, ⁴, 洪迪 ^1, ^2, ⁴

1.中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛 266071
2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,山东青岛 266061
3.Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
5.中国地质大学,北京 100083

收稿日期:2016-12-13 修回日期:2017-01-20 出版日期:2017-02-20
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“用非传统稳定同位素探索全球大洋玄武岩、深海橄榄岩成因和地球动力学的几个重要问题”(编号:41630968)资助

Some Key Problems on the Petrogenesis of Seafloor Basalts, Abyssal Peridotites and Geodynamics—A Non-traditional Isotope Approach

Yaoling Niu ^1, ^2, ³( ), Hongmei Gong ^1, ², Xiaohong Wang ^1, ², Yuanyuan Xiao ^1, ², Pengyuan Guo ^1, ², Fengli Shao ^1, ^2, ⁴, Pu Sun ^1, ^2, ⁴, Shuo Chen ^1, ^2, ⁴, Meng Duan ^1, ^2, ⁵, Juanjuan Kong ^1, ^2, ⁴, Guodong Wang ^1, ², Qiqi Xue ^1, ^2, ⁵, Yajie Gao ^1, ^2, ⁴, Di Hong ^1, ^2, ⁴

1.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061,China
3.Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE,UK
4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5.China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2016-12-13 Revised:2017-01-20 Online:2017-02-20 Published:2017-02-20
About author:
First author:Niu Yaoling(1959-), male, Lintao County, Gansu Province, Porfessor. Research areas include petrology, geochemistry, global tectonics and chemical geodynamics.E-mail:yaoling.niu@durham.ac.uk
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Some key problems on the petrogenesis of seafloor basalts, abyssal peridotites and geodynamics—A non-traditional isotope approach” (No.41630968)

全文 ( 14 ) 下载PDF ( 2425 )

2017年中国科学院海洋研究所“大洋岩石圈与地幔动力学实验室”建成。未来5年,该实验室在国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:41630968)的资助下,用珍贵的太平洋、大西洋和印度洋洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)、辉长岩和深海橄榄岩(MORP)研究地球化学和地幔动力学的几个基本科学问题: ①用Ti-Zr-Hf稳定同位素验证“Nb-Ta和Zr-Hf元素对质量分异的假说”;②从MORB演化过程和地幔熔融过程检验目前对铁同位素分馏的基本假说,即重Fe同位素与Fe³⁺有亲和性,且比轻Fe同位素和Fe²⁺更不相容;③提出并试图检验地幔高氧逸度是板块构造的结果,即含有大量Fe³⁺的蛇纹石化大洋岩石圈地幔橄榄岩俯冲到深部地幔所致;④对代表性的MORB样品和中国东部新生代碱性玄武岩样品进行铀同位素研究,检验Andersen等(2015)有关地球演化过程中壳幔循环导致的内、外动力地质过程的相互关系。

关键词: 大洋玄武岩, 深海橄榄岩, 壳幔循环, 地幔动力学, 非传统稳定同位素

This paper discusses some major research to be carried out in the next five years in the newly established Laboratory of Ocean Lithosphere and Mantle Geodynamics. By using our existing sample collections of global mid-ocean ridge basalts, gabbros and abyssal peridotites from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, the research includes: ①Using Ti-Zr-Hf stable isotope methods to test the hypothesis that the observed huge Nb-Ta and Zr-Hf fractionations result from mass-dependent fractionation under mantle magmatic conditions; ②Using a MORB sample suite of uniform ratios of incompatible elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes with large major element compositional variation to test the common hypothesis of iron isotope fractionation, i.e, the affinity of heavy Fe with ferric Fe (Fe³⁺), and both heavy Fe and ferric Fe (Fe³⁺) being more incompatible than light Fe and ferrous Fe (Fe²⁺) during magma evolution; while using an incompatible trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope highly variable MORB suite to test the same hypothesis during low-degree mantle melting (i.e, the effect of mantle metasomatism); ③Proposing and testing the hypothesis that the high oxygen fugacity of the Earth’s mantle is a consequence of plate tectonics by subducting partially serpentinized oceanic mantle lithosphere with abundant ferric Fe (e.g. Fe³⁺/SFe>2); ④The recent work by Andersen et al. (Nature, 2015) is a milestone contribution by using U isotope variation in oceanic basalts to hypothesize that the O₂-rich atmosphere since the late Archean (abont 2.4 Ga) mobilized the water soluble U (6+ vs. 4+) from continents, transported to the ocean and subducted with sediments to the upper mantle, which explains the low Th/U in MORB (<2.5) and the high Th/U (>3.5) ocean island basalts (OIB) do not see such U addition effect probably because OIB source materials are all ancient (> abont 2.4 Ga) if there were subducted component. The Cenozoic alkali basalts from eastern China are ideal materials for evaluating the significance of the subducted seafloor materials for the petrogenesis of OIB and enriched MORB by using the U isotope approach, which is expected to revise and improve the Andersen et al hypothesis.

Key words: Seafloor basalt, Abyssal peridotite, Crust-mantle recycling, Mantle geodynamics, Non-traditional stable isotopes.

中图分类号:

P541

图1 东太平洋洋隆海山玄武岩(a) ^{[

10
]}和深海橄榄岩(b) ^{[

11
]}展示大幅度Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta的相关分异
灰色条带为球粒陨石推荐值 ^{[

6
]}

Fig.1 Large correlated variations of Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios in seamount lavas near the East PacificRise (a) ^{[

10
]} and abyssal peridotites (b) ^{[

11
]}
Grey bands are Chondrite values ^{[

6
]}

图2 东太平洋洋隆近脊海山玄武岩展示Zr比Hf更不相容, Nb比Ta更不相容 ^{[

12
]}

Fig.2 Near East Pacific Rise samount lavas show Zr and Nb are respectively more incompatible than Hf and Ta ^{[

12
]}

图3 玄武岩浆演化过程中随Mg#减小,全岩Fe,Fe ³⁺/∑Fe, fO ₂与δ ⁵⁷Fe的协变关系(简化自参考文献[52])
绿色方块数据来自参考文献[49],金黄色圆圈数据来自参考文献[52]

Fig.3 Correlated variations of Fe, Fe ³⁺/∑Fe, fO ₂ and δ ⁵⁷Fe in residual melts during basaltic magma evolution (simplified from reference[52])
Data are from reference[49] (green squares) and reference[52] (gold circles)

图4 东太平洋洋隆新鲜玄武岩玻璃(10°30'N)FeO和SiO ₂ 随MgO降低(冷却)的系统变化 ^{[

71
]}

Fig.4 Fresh MORB glasses from the East Pacific Rise (10°30'N) show systematic FeO and SiO ₂variation during cooling dominated evolution ^{[

71
]}

图5 东太平洋洋隆新鲜玄武岩玻璃(11°20'N,空心符号)和近脊海山玻璃(实心符号)校正到Mg#=0.72时的主量元素含量、比值与Ba/Zr, [Sm/Yb] _N, ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr的系统变化 ^{[

75
]}
N为样品数,括弧里的值为相关系数,在95%的自信度上均有意义

Fig.5 Major element compositions of MORB glass samples from the East Pacific Rise at 11°20'N (open symbols) and nearby seamounts (solid symbols) corrected to Mg#=0.72 show systematic variation against Ba/Zr, [Sm/Yb] _N and ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr ^{[

75
]}
N refers to number of samples, and values in parentheses are correlation coefficients significant at > 95% confidence level

Fig.6 U isotope comparison among ocean island basalts (OIB), ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and island arc basalts (Arc)
(a)ocean island basalts(OIB)and Bulk-Earth share similar Th/U and δ ²³⁸U,but MORB have lower Th/U,but higher δ ²³⁸U,plotting between the bulk-Earth and Altered Ocean Crust(AOC); The Mariana arc basalts show positive correlation between Th/U and δ ²³⁸U,lying on the mixing line between terrigenous sediments (high Th/U和δ ²³⁸U)and AOC.(b)The histogram shows MORB having higher δ ²³⁸U than bulk-Earth and OIB ^{[

1
]}. ‘Upper’ and ‘Average’ refer to upper portion and average AOC

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