北极区域传统和新型POPs研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.02.0128

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 128 -138. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.02.0128

北极区域传统和新型POPs研究进展

劳齐斌 ^1, ^2, ³(

), 矫立萍 ^2, ^3, ^*(

), 陈法锦 ¹, 陈立奇 ^2, ³

1. 广东海洋大学,广东省近海海洋变化与灾害预警重点实验室,广东湛江 524088
2.国家海洋局海洋—大气化学与全球变化重点实验室,福建厦门 361005
3.国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门 361005

收稿日期:2016-11-16 修回日期:2017-01-20 出版日期:2017-02-20
通讯作者: 矫立萍 E-mail:laoqibin@163.com;jiaoliping@tio.org.cn
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目“东山、平潭、厦门大气持久性有机污染物入海通量研究”(编号:海三科2013012);国际科技合作专项“全球变化与海气相互作用”(编号:GASI-IPOVAI-04)资助

Review on Researches of Legacy POPs and Emerging POPs in the Arctic Regions

Qibin Lao ^1, ^2, ³( ), Liping Jiao ^2, ^3, ^*( ), Fajin Chen ¹, Liqi Chen ^2, ³

1.Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Zhanjiang Guangdong 524088, China
2.Key Laboratory of Global Changes and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China
3.Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005,China

Received:2016-11-16 Revised:2017-01-20 Online:2017-02-20 Published:2017-02-20
Contact: Liping Jiao E-mail:laoqibin@163.com;jiaoliping@tio.org.cn
About author:
First author:Lao Qibin(1992- ), male, Laibin City, Guangxi Province, Master student. Research areas include marine atmospheric chemistry and persistent organic pollutants in polar region.E-mail:laoqibin@163.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography “Research on the atmospheric fluxes of persistent organic pollutions in Dongshan, Pingtan and Xiamen”(No.grant 2013012);The Special International Science and Technology Cooperation “Global change and air-sea interaction”(No.GASI-IPOVAI-04)

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北极由于独特的地理位置和自然条件,在全球气候环境变化的研究中占有举足轻重的地位。该区域常年低温,可能累积来自于中低纬度的持久性有机污染物(POPs),对简单脆弱的北极生态系统造成极大的压力。近40年来,尤其在2009年斯德哥尔摩公约新增9种POPs之后,北极地区的新型POPs引起的环境问题进一步受到科学家、政府和公众的关注。目前对传统POPs在北极的迁移转化过程的了解有限,新型POPs更是需要深入研究。通过对北极地区POPs相关研究进行归纳总结,重点阐述北极大气、水体、沉积物和生物体内传统和新型POPs的赋存水平、历史演变、生物富集以及来源,在此基础上进一步展望未来的变化趋势并提出一些亟待解决的关键问题。

关键词: 传统POPs, 新型POPs, 赋存水平, 生物富集, 北极

The specific geographic location and natural conditions of the Arctic region play a significant role in the global climate change. As a result of perennial low temperature, simple ecological structure, and fragile ecosystem and weak stability in the Arctic, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) accumulating from the region of middle and low latitudes may cause tremendous pressure in the arctic ecological environment. Therefore, the research of POPs in the Arctic region is not only conducive to more in-depth understanding of POPs distribution and transformation process in the global range, but to reasonably assess the harm of human activities on the arctic ecological environment. Thus, in the past 40 years, especially after nine new kinds of emerging organic contaminants being added to the list of Stockholm Convention in 2009, more and more scientific community and general public have pay attention to the research of POPs in the Arctic region. At present, the understanding of legacy POPs in the Arctic is limited, and the research of emerging POPs is in the initial stage. This paper aimed to summarize some conclusions and implications of the research, and focused on the occurrence level, historical evolution, bioaccumulation and source of POPs in atmosphere, waters, sediments and organisms in the Arctic region. Finally, the future changes and key scientific problems of POPs in the Arctic region were proposed.

Key words: Legacy POPs, Emerging organic contaminants, Occurrence level, Bioaccumulation, Arctic region.

中图分类号:

图1 北极Alert地区大气中POPs含量的时间分布 ^{[

17
,

50
]}

Fig.1 Temporal trends of POPs in the atmosphere of the Arctic Alert region ^{[

17
,

50
]}

表1 北极各海域沉积物中POPs的含量(干重,pg/g) ^{[

67
]}

Table 1 POPs Levels in surface sediments from Arctic sea areas (dry weight,pg/g) ^{[

67
]}

	白令海	白令海峡	楚科奇海	加拿大海盆	北大西洋 (冰岛)	阿蒙森海盆
水深/m	1 636	30~50	88	3 000~ 3 500	3 000	3 000 ~4 000
HCB	ND	28.3	37.5	ND	7.8	11.6
DDTs	24.4	46.9	53.3	16	43.1	13.9
PCBs	49.9	199.8	285.8	149.1	98.6	12.7
PBDEs	7.7	7.9	12.6	10.7	7.1

表1 北极各海域沉积物中POPs的含量(干重,pg/g) ^{[

67
]}

Table 1 POPs Levels in surface sediments from Arctic sea areas (dry weight,pg/g) ^{[

67
]}

	白令海	白令海峡	楚科奇海	加拿大海盆	北大西洋 (冰岛)	阿蒙森海盆
水深/m	1 636	30~50	88	3 000~ 3 500	3 000	3 000 ~4 000
HCB	ND	28.3	37.5	ND	7.8	11.6
DDTs	24.4	46.9	53.3	16	43.1	13.9
PCBs	49.9	199.8	285.8	149.1	98.6	12.7
PBDEs	7.7	7.9	12.6	10.7	7.1

表2 北极生物体内POPs含量(湿重,ng/g)

Table 2 Concentrations of POPs in organism from the Arctic (wet weight,ng/g)

生物	时间	∑HCHs	∑DDTs	∑PCBs	HCB	参考文献
苔藓	2008	2.9	0.7	1.53	1.41	[78]
地衣	2007		0.31	0.94		[79]
旅鼠	2006		0.69	0.76		[79]
雪鹀	2007		106	168		[79]
驯鹿	1995	7.02	0.49	0.6		[80]
海豹	1995	5.98	1.29	0.23		[80]
北极狐	1993			400		[11]
海鸟	2008	288	2 416	1 842	1 645	[10]
管鼻藿	2008	99.7	5 759	9 184	1 440	[10]
北极熊	1997	335	255	28 100	192	[9]

表2 北极生物体内POPs含量(湿重,ng/g)

Table 2 Concentrations of POPs in organism from the Arctic (wet weight,ng/g)

生物	时间	∑HCHs	∑DDTs	∑PCBs	HCB	参考文献
苔藓	2008	2.9	0.7	1.53	1.41	[78]
地衣	2007		0.31	0.94		[79]
旅鼠	2006		0.69	0.76		[79]
雪鹀	2007		106	168		[79]
驯鹿	1995	7.02	0.49	0.6		[80]
海豹	1995	5.98	1.29	0.23		[80]
北极狐	1993			400		[11]
海鸟	2008	288	2 416	1 842	1 645	[10]
管鼻藿	2008	99.7	5 759	9 184	1 440	[10]
北极熊	1997	335	255	28 100	192	[9]

表3 北极不同生物体内新型POPs的富集程度(湿重,ng/g)

Table 3 Accumulated characteristics of emerging POPs in different Arctic organisms (wet weight,ng/g)

	时间	PFOS	PFOA	N-EtFOSA	PFOSA	参考文献
浮游动物	2004	1.8	2.6	0.39	ND	[26]
虾	2004	0.35	0.17	10.4	ND	[26]
鳕鱼	2004	1.3	0.16	92.9	ND	[26]
三趾鸥	2004	10	ND			[26]
银鸥	2007	42.2	ND		ND	[88]
海豹	2004	16			0.36	[89]
独角鲸	2004	10.9	0.9	10.9	6.2	[26]
北极熊	2005	2140	1.4		8.5	[90]

表3 北极不同生物体内新型POPs的富集程度(湿重,ng/g)

Table 3 Accumulated characteristics of emerging POPs in different Arctic organisms (wet weight,ng/g)

	时间	PFOS	PFOA	N-EtFOSA	PFOSA	参考文献
浮游动物	2004	1.8	2.6	0.39	ND	[26]
虾	2004	0.35	0.17	10.4	ND	[26]
鳕鱼	2004	1.3	0.16	92.9	ND	[26]
三趾鸥	2004	10	ND			[26]
银鸥	2007	42.2	ND		ND	[88]
海豹	2004	16			0.36	[89]
独角鲸	2004	10.9	0.9	10.9	6.2	[26]
北极熊	2005	2140	1.4		8.5	[90]

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