地球科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 232 -242. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2019.03.0232

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北极放大效应原因的研究进展
武丰民 1( ),李文铠 2,李伟 2   
  1. 1. 浙江省气象科学研究所,浙江 杭州 310008
    2. 南京信息工程大学 气象灾害教育部重点实验室,江苏 南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-02 修回日期:2019-02-20 出版日期:2019-03-10

Causes of Arctic Amplification: A Review

Fengmin Wu 1( ),Wenkai Li 2,Wei Li 2   

  1. 1. Zhejiang Meteorological Research Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • Received:2018-12-02 Revised:2019-02-20 Online:2019-03-10 Published:2019-04-28
  • About author: Wu Fengmin (1986-), male, Feicheng County, Shandong Province, Engineer. Research areas include the driving mechanisms and influences of Arctic climate change. E-mail: fmwu_zjqks@163.com | Wu Fengmin (1986-), male, Feicheng County, Shandong Province, Engineer. Research areas include the driving mechanisms and influences of Arctic climate change. E-mail: fmwu_zjqks@163.com

近几十年来北极的增温幅度是全球平均的2倍以上,这种被称为“北极放大”的现象是全球气候变化的最显著特征之一。从北极局地气候反馈和北极外热输送2个方面总结了北极放大原因的最新进展。局地方面,海冰—反照率正反馈以及云和水汽增加导致的向下长波辐射增强是北极放大的重要原因,而较低的背景温度和相对稳定的大气层结使得温度反馈在北极为正,有利于变暖信号被放大。向极热输送方面,大气环流和洋流的输送作用对北极放大均有贡献,大西洋和太平洋海温的年代际变化和热带太平洋海温异常是驱动大气环流变化的主要原因。最后提出了尚需解决的关键问题。

The pace of Arctic warming is about double that at lower latitudes in the recent decades, a robust phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification (AA), which has become one of the most notable features of climate change. This review summarized the major advances of the mechanism of AA from both local factors and poleward heat transport from lower latitudes. Local factors, including positive ice-albedo feedback and increasing downwelling longwave radiation caused by water vapor and cloud, play an important role in AA. Due to the colder background temperatures and the more stable vertical structure than the lower latitudes, the temperature feedback is therefore positive, which induces the warm signal amplified in the Arctic. The poleward heat transport via atmosphere circulation and ocean currents is also a contributor to AA, and the multidecadal variability in the Pacific, the Atlantic and the tropical Pacific surface temperature are the dominant forcing of the atmosphere circulation. Finally, several issues that remain to be solved were proposed.

中图分类号: 

图1 19792018年北极逐月的地表气温趋势
Fig. 1 Linear trends of monthly mean Arctic 2 m air temperature over 1979-2018
图2 一次(1999122718点开始于挪威北部)水汽入侵事件对北极温度的影响
Fig. 2 Case study of an intrusion event beginning over northern Norway at 1800 UTC on 27 December 1999
图3 基于37CMIP5工业革命前模拟试验结果的标准化太平洋年代际指数(PDV)和大西洋年代际指数(AMV)的北极地表温度合成
Fig. 3 Composite anomalies of Arctic mean LSAT (in degrees Celsius) as a function of the normalized PDV and AMV indices, based on 37 CMIP5 preindustrial control simulations
图4 北极放大的驱动机制
Fig. 4 Driving mechanisms of the Arctic amplification
表1 不同驱动机制对北极放大相对贡献的部分研究结论
Table 1 Several conclusions on the relative contribution of different driving mechanisms to Arctic amplification
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