陆地生态系统与气候相互作用的研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2000.04.0446

地球科学进展 ›› 2000, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (4): 446 -452. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2000.04.0446

陆地生态系统与气候相互作用的研究进展

曹明奎 ^①,李克让 ^②

①马里兰大学地理系,美国;②中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101

收稿日期:1999-10-13 修回日期:2000-01-10 出版日期:2000-08-01
通讯作者: 曹明奎(1963-),男,山西人,博士,访问学者,主要从事全球生态系统与气候相互作用的动力学模型研究。
基金资助:
科技部国家重点科技攻关项目“全球气候变化及其影响的若干科学问题研究”(编号:96-911-01)资助。

PERSPECTIVE ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM-CLIMATE INTERACTION

CAO Ming-kui ^①,LI Ke-rang ^②

①Department of Geography,University of Maryland,Maryland,US;②Institute of Geography,CAS,Beijing 100101,China

Received:1999-10-13 Revised:2000-01-10 Online:2000-08-01 Published:2000-08-01

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陆地生态系统与气候系统通过地面与大气之间能量平衡、水汽交换和生物地球化学循环相互作用,影响大气中温室气体浓度和气溶胶,继而影响气候变化。较系统分析总结了当代国际上陆地生态系统与气候相互作用的最新研究进展。首先介绍了陆地生态系统与气候相互作用的机制与过程,总结了陆地生态系统与气候相互作用研究的三个发展阶段,以及当代相互作用的过程模拟研究中三类主要的全球生态系统模型,即生物物理模型、生物地理模型和生物地球化学模型。并介绍了气候对生态系统变化的响应,即两种主要的反馈机制。最后,对未来的研究方向和重点作了分析。

关键词: 陆地生态系统, 气候变化, 相互作用, 反馈机制, 综合动态生态系统模型

Terrestrial ecosystems and climatic systems influence each other through biophysical processes that involve the transfers of energy and water at the land surface and biogeochemical cycles that affect the concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. Studies of ecosystem-climate interactions have evolved from uses of land surface parameterizations (LSPs) to sensitivity analysis of climatic responses to equilibrium ecosystem changes and to dynamic, interactive coupling of ecosystem and climatic processes. System modeling is the most important means to study ecosystem-climate interactions.
The global ecosystem models that have been used in the studies can be classified into biophysical, biogeography, and biogeochemical types.Ecosystem changes as a whole in the past have accelerated warming by increasing the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O and reducing the regulation of vegetation to water cycling.Ecosystem negative feed-backs on climate have emerged with increases in CO2sequestration and the stabilization of CH4emissions,but continued increases in anthropogenic N2fixation may greatly enhance N2O emissions. To quantify accurately the feedback effects requires investigations of the dynamic ecosystem-climate interactions at seasonal and interannual scales. Future studies should focus on both developing integrated dynamic ecosystem models (IDEM) that can describing both functional and structural changes and coupling biophysical and biogeochemical processes and observing large-scale, long-term ecosystem changes. The observations are essential for deepening understanding of ecosystem-climate interactions and validate global ecosystem models.

Key words: Terrestrial ecosystem, Climate change, Interaction, Feedback mechanisms, Integrated dynamic ecosystem model.

中图分类号:

Q142.2

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