[1] Schlesinger W H, Reynolds J F, Cunningham G L, et al. Biological feedbacks in global desertification[J]. Science, 1990, 247: 1 043-1 048.
[2] Shao Y, Wyrwoll K H, Chappell A, et al. Dust cycle: An emerging core theme in Earth system science[J]. Aeolian Research, 2011, 2: 181-204.
[3] Alfaro S C. Influence of soil texture on the binding energies of fine mineral dust particles potentially released by wind erosion[J]. Geomorphology, 2008, 93(3/4): 157-167.
[4] Larney F J, Bullock M S, Janzen H H, et al. Wind erosion effects on nutrient redistribution and soil productivity[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1998, 53: 133-140.
[5] Field J P, Belnap J, Breshears D D, et al. The ecology of dust[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2010, 8: 423-430.
[6] Okin G S, Herrick J E, Gillette D A. Multiscale controls on and consequences of aeolian processes in landscape change in arid and semiarid environments[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2006, 65: 253-275.
[7] Peters D P C, Havstad K M. Nonlinear dynamics in arid and semiarid systems: Interactions among drivers and processes across scales[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2006, 65: 196-206.
[8] Okin G S. Linked Aeolian-Vegetation Systems[C]//Shroder J, et al, eds. Treatise on Geomorphology. San Diego: Academic Press, Aeolian Geomorphology, 2013.
[9] Zobeck T M, Fryrear D W. Chemical and physical characteristics of windblown sediment II. Chemical characteristics and total soil and nutrient discharge[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1986, 29: 1 037-1 041.
[10] Okin G S, Murray B, Schlesinger W H. Degradation of sandy arid shrubland environments: Observations, process modeling, and management implications[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2001, 47: 123-144.
[11] Duce R A, Unni C K, Ray B J, et al. Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific-Temporal variability[J]. Science, 1980, 209(4 464): 1 522-1 524.
[12] Jickells T D, An Z S, Andersen K K, et al. Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate[J]. Science, 2005, 308: 67-71.
[13] Gao Huiwang, Yao Xiaohong, Guo Zhigang, et al. Atmospheric deposition connected with marine primary production and nitrogen cycle: A review[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2014, 29(12): 1 325-1 332.[高会旺, 姚小红, 郭志刚, 等. 大气沉降对海洋初级生产过程与氮循环的影响研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(12): 1 325-1 332.]
[14] Jin Jie, Liu Sumei. Advances in studies of phosphorus utilization by marine phytoplankton[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2013, 28 (2): 253-261.[金杰, 刘素美. 海洋浮游植物对磷的响应研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(2): 253-261.]
[15] Swap R, Garstang M, Greco S, et al. Saharan dust in the Amazon Basin[ J]. Tellus B, 1992, 44(2): 133-149.
[16] Von Suchodoletz H, Glaser B, Thrippleton T, et al. The influence of Saharan dust deposits on La Palma soil properties (Canary Islands, Spain)[J]. Catena, 2013, 103: 44-52.
[17] Ley R E, Williams M W, Schmidt S K. Microbial population dynamics in an extreme environment: Controlling factors in talus soils at 3750 m in the Colorado Rocky Mountains[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2004, 68(3): 313-335.
[18] Wallace C S A, Watts J M, Yool S R. Characterizing the spatial structure of vegetation communities in the Mojave Desert using geostatistical techniques[J]. Computers and Geosciences, 2000, 26: 397-410.
[19] Zhang Linlin, Zhao Xiaoying, Yuan Hui. Advances in the effects of wind on plants[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2013, 28 (12): 1 349-1 353.[张琳琳, 赵晓英, 原慧. 风对植物的作用及植物适应对策研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2013, 28(12): 1 349-1 353.]
[20] Liu W G, Yang H, Cao Y N, et al. Did an extensive forest ever develop on the Chinese Loess Plateau during the past 130ka?: A test using soil carbon isotopic signatures[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2005, 20: 519-527.
[21] [JP2]Okin G S, Murray B, Schlesinger W H. Desertification in an arid shrubland in the southwestern United States: Process modeling and validation[C]//Conacher A, ed. Land Degradation: Papers Selected from Contributions to the Sixth Meeting of the International Geographical Union’s Commission on Land Degradation and Desertification. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.[JP]
[22] Ravi S, D’Odorico P, Okin G S. Hydrologic and aeolian controls on vegetation patterns in arid landscapes[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007, 34: L24S23, doi:10.1029/2007GL031023.
[23] Peters D P C, Bestelmeyer B T, Herrick J E, et al. Disentangling complex landscapes: New insights to forecasting arid and semiarid system dynamics[J]. BioScience, 2006, 56: 491-501.
[24] Goudie A S, Middleton N J. Desert Dust in the Global System[M]. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2006.
[25] Muhs D R, Bush C A, Stewart K C, et al. Geochemical evidence of Saharan dust parent material for soils developed on quaternary limestones of Caribbean and Western Atlantic Islands[J]. Quaternary Research, 1990, 33: 157-177.
[26] Syers J K, Jackson M L, Berkheiser V E, et al. Eolian sediment influence on pedogenesis during the Quaterary[J]. Soil Science, 1969, 107: 421-427.
[27] Birkeland P W. Soils and Geomorphology[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999: 45-90.
[28] Reynolds R, Belnap J, Reheis M, et al. Aeolian dust in Colorado Plateau soils: Nutrient inputs and recent change in source[J]. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA, 2001, 98: 7 123-7 127.
[29] Pett-Ridge J C, Derry L A, Barrows J K. Ca/Sr and Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios as tracers of ca and Sr cycling in the Rio Icacos Watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico[J]. Chemical Geology, 2009, 267: 32-45.
[30] Meixner T, Gutmann C, Bales R, et al. Multidecadal hydrochemical response of a Sierra Nevada watershed: Sensitivity to weathering rate and changes in deposition[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2004, 285: 272-285.
[31] Quick D J, Chadwick O A. Accumulation of salt-rich dust from Owens Lake playa in nearby alluvial soils[J]. Aeolian Research, 2011, 3(1): 23-29.
[32] Reynolds R, Neff J, Reheis M, et al. Atmospheric dust in modem soil on aeolian sandstone, Colorado Plateau (USA): Variation with landscape position and contribution to potential plant nutrients[J]. Geoderma, 2006, 130(1/2): 108-123.
[33] Pett-Ridge J C. Contributions of dust to phosphorus cycling in tropical forests of the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2009, 94: 63-80.
[34] Lawrence C R, Neff J C. The contemporary physical and chemical flux of aeolian dust: A synthesis of direct measurements of dust deposition[J]. Chemical Geology, 2009, 267: 46-63.
[35] Lequy E, Conil S, Turpault M P. Impacts of aeolian dust deposition on European forest sustainability: A review[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012, 267(1): 240-252.
[36] Filippelli G M. The global phosphorus cycle: Past, present, and future[J]. Elements, 2008, 4: 89-95.
[37] Bristow C S, Hudson E K A, Chappell A. Fertilizing the Amazon and equatorial Atlantic with West African dust[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2010, 37: L14807, doi:10.1029/ 2010GL043486.
[38] Liu Dongsheng. Loess and Environment[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985.[刘东生. 黄土与环境[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985.]
[39] Littmann T, Schultz A. Atmospheric input of nutrient elements and dust into the sand dune field of the North-Western Negev[J]. Arid Dune Ecosystems, 2008, 200: 271-284.
[40] Guerzoni S, Molinaroli E. Input of various chemicals transported by Saharan Dust and depositing at the sea surface in the Mediterranean Sea[J]. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 2005, 5: 237-268.
[41] Betzer P R, Carder K L, Duce R A, et al. Long-range transport of giant mineral aerosol-particles[J]. Nature, 1988, 336(6 199): 568-571.
[42] [JP2]Hartmann J, Kunimatsu T, Levy J K. The impact of Eurasian dust storms and anthropogenic emissions on atmospheric nutrient deposition rates in forested Japanese catchments and adjacent regional seas[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2008, 61: 117-134.
[43] Neff J C, Ballantyne A P, Farmer G L, et al. Increasing aeolian dust deposition in the western United States linked to human activity[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2008, 1: 189-195.
[44] Zhang Z H, Zhao M X, Eglinton G, et al. Leaf wax lipids as paleovegetational and paleoenvironmental proxies for the Chinese Loess Plateau over the last 170kyrs[ J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2006, 25: 575-594.
[45] Zhang Xiaoye. Source distributions, emission, transport, deposition of asin duat and loess accumulation[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2001, 21(1): 29-39.[张小曳. 亚洲粉尘的源区分布、释放、输送、沉降与黄土堆积[J]. 第四纪研究, 2001, 21(1): 29-39.]
[46] Wang Y F, Chen Z Z, Huang D H. Temporal variation in dust deposition in the Xilin River Basin[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2000, 24: 459-462.
[47] Yan Y C, Xu X L, Xin X P, et al. Effect of vegetation coverage on aeolian dust accumulation in a semiarid steppe of northern China[J]. Catena, 2011, 87: 351-356.
[48] Wang X B, Oenema O, Hoogmoed W B, et al. Dust storm erosion and its impact on soil carbon and nitrogen losses in northern China[J]. Catena, 2006, 66: 221-227.
[49] Li F R, Zhao L Y, Zhang H, et al. Wind erosion and airborne dust deposition in farmland during spring in the Horqin Sandy Land of eastern Inner Mongolia[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2004, 75(2): 121-130.
[50] Zhou R L, Li Y Q, Zhao H L, et al. Desertification effects on C and N content of sandy soils under grassland in Horqin, northern China[J]. Geoderma, 2008, 145: 370-375.
[51] Li J R, Okin G S, Epstein H E. Effects of enhanced wind erosion on surface soil texture and characteristics of windblown sediments[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research—Biogeosciences, 2009, 114: G02003, doi:10.1029/2008JG000903.
[52] Liu D W, Abuduwaili J, Lei J Q, et al. Wind erosion of saline playa sediments and its ecological effects in Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 63(2): 241-250.
[53] Wang X M, Dong Z B, Zhang C X, et al. Characterization of the composition of dust fallout and identification of dust sources in arid and semiarid North China[J]. Geomorphology, 2009, 112: 144-157.
[54] Mori I, Nishikawa M, Tanimura T, et al. Change in size distribution and chemicalcomposition of kosa (Asian dust) aerosolduring long-range transport[J].Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37: 4 253-4 263.
[55] Wang X M, Hasi E, Zhou Z J, et al. Significance of variations in the wind energy environment over the past 50 years with respect to dune activity and desertification in arid and semiarid northern China[J]. Geomorphology, 2007, 86: 252-266.
[56] Cheng T T, Lu D R, Wang G C, et al. Chemical characteristics of Asian dust aerosol from Hunshan Dake Sandland in Northern China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39(16): 2 903-2 911.
[57] Chen B, Kitagawa H, Hu K, et al. Element and mineral characterization of dust emission from the saline land at Songnen Plain, Northeastern China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2009, 21: 1 363-1 370.
[58] Wang X M, Dong Z B, Zhang J W, et al. Modern dust storms in China: An overview[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2004, 58: 559-574.
[59] Goudie A S. Dust storms and their geomorphological implications[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 1978, 1: 291-310.
[60] Su Jieqiong, Li Xinrong, Yang Haotian, et al. Effects of fertilization on population density and biomass of herbaceous plants in desert steppe[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2013, 33(3): 696-702.[苏洁琼, 李新荣, 杨昊天, 等.施肥对荒漠化草原草本植物种群密度和生物量的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(3): 696-702.]
[61] Fu Hua, Zhou Zhiyu. A study on the characteristics of chemical elements of forage species in three range types in Alsa Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 1994, 14(2): 37-41.[付华, 周志宇. 阿拉善荒漠三个草地类牧草中化学元素特点的研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 1994, 14(2): 37-41.]
[62] Chen Baorui, Li Haishan, Zhu Yuxia, et al. The spatial pattern and environmental interpretation of plant community of Hulunber grassland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(5): 1 265-1 271.[陈宝瑞, 李海山, 朱玉霞, 等. 呼伦贝尔草原植物群落空间格局及其环境解释[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(5): 1 265-1 271.]
[63] Liu Haijiang. Ecological Adaptation of Vegetation and Characteristics of Plant Resources in Otindag Sand Land[D]. Beijing: Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2004: 47-49.[刘海江. 浑善达克沙地植被的生态适应及植物资源特征[D]. 北京: 中国科学院植物研究所, 2004: 47-49.]
[64] [JP3]Li Rui. Study on Vegetation Dynamics in NFPE, Based on Yanchi County in Ningxia Province[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2007: 91-92.[李瑞.北方农牧交错带草地植被动态研究——以宁夏盐池为例[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2007: 91-92.][JP]
[65] Fu Hua, Zhou Zhiyu, Zhuang Guanghui. Study on characteristic of trace element content in Desert Grasslandof Alxa[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2000, 20(4): 426-429.[付华, 周志宇, 庄光辉. 阿拉善荒漠草地类微量元素含量特征的研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2000, 20(4): 426-429.]
[66] Shao Y, Dong C H. A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring[J]. Global and Planetary Change,2006, 52: 1-22.
[67] Qiu Xinfa, Zeng Yan, Miu Qilong.Temporal-spatial distribution as well as tracks and source areas of sand-dust storms in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001, 56(3): 316-322.[邱新法, 曾燕, 缪启龙. 我国沙尘暴的时空分布规律及其源地和移动路径[J]. 地理学报, 2001, 56(3): 316-322.]
[68] Kurosaki Y, Mikami M. Recent frequent dust events and their relation to surface wind in East Asia[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2003, 30(14): 1 736, doi:10.1029/2003GL017261.
[69] Kurosaki Y, Mikami M. Regional difference in the characteristics of dust event in East Asia: Relationship among dust outbreak, surface wind, and land surface condition[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 2005, 83A: 1-8.