地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 425 -432. doi: 10.1167/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.04.0425

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碳质气溶胶的放射性碳同位素（ 14C）源解析：原理、方法和研究进展
曹芳( ), 章炎麟 *( )   
  1. 南京信息工程大学大气环境中心,江苏 南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-19 修回日期:2015-03-25 出版日期:2015-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 章炎麟 E-mail:caofangle@163.com;zhangyanlin@nuist.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目（PAPD）;教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目“陆地碳水循环与气候变化”（编号：PCSIRT1147）资助

Principle, Method Development and Application of Radiocarbon ( 14C)-based Source Apportionment of Carbonaceous Aerosols: A Review

Fang Cao( ), Yanlin Zhang( )   

  1. Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environmental, Nanjing University of information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
  • Received:2014-12-19 Revised:2015-03-25 Online:2015-04-20 Published:2015-04-20
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碳质气溶胶（或颗粒物）作为大气气溶胶的重要组成,对环境、气候和人类健康造成了巨大的危害。其主要组成成分有机碳和元素碳具有不同的来源特征,且对人类健康和气候系统的影响也具有明显的差异。放射性碳同位素（14C）不仅能定性区分生物源和化石源,还能定量分析不同来源对有机碳和元素碳的贡献比率。重点评述了放射性碳同位素法对气溶胶源解析的技术原理、分离测试方法以及在我国应用的研究进展;最后提出了国内研究应加强的领域和利用放射性碳同位素法研究大气气溶胶的发展趋势。

关键词: 气溶胶, 有机碳, 元素碳, 源解析, 放射性碳 （14C）

Carbonaceous aerosols (or particles), which constitute one of most significant contribution of the atmospheric aerosols, are of worldwide concern due to their effects on environment, climate and human health. Two sub-fractions of total carbonaceous content of aerosols, Organic Carbon (OC) and Elemental Carbon (EC), not only differ in their origins but also in their effects on climate and human health. Radiocarbon (14C), as a radioactive isotope of carbon, has been proven to be a powerful tool of qualification and quantification of fossil and non-fossil contributions to OC and EC. This review introduces the principal and recent progress in the development of isolation method of different carbonaceous fraction for 14C measurement and compiles the results from 14C based source apportionment in China. Finally, the review concludes with some comments on current issues and future prospects using 14C as a source apportionment tool of atmospheric aerosols.

Key words: Aerosols, Organic Carbon, Elemental Carbon, Source apportionment, Radiocarbon (14C).

中图分类号: 

图1 碳质气溶胶 14C测定在线制样系统示意图 [ 23 ]
Fig. 1 Two-step heating system for radiocarbon （ 14C） determination of carbonaceous aerosols [ 23 ]
图2 有机碳和元素碳分析仪与 14C制样系统对接示意图 [ 25 ]
Fig. 2 Set-up of coupling the OC/EC analyser to the 14C sample preparation line [ 25 ]
表1 14C制样用的有机碳/元素碳分离及测定方法（Swiss_4S）的分析参数及其与EUSSAR2,NIOSH和IMPROVE方法的对比 [ 25 ]
Table 1 The Swiss_4S protocol for determination and isolation of OC/EC for 14C analysis and its comparison with the EUSAAR_2, modified NIOSH and IMPROVE protocols [ 25 ]
Swiss_4S EUSAAR_2 Modified NIOSH IMPROVE
步骤 Gas, T(℃), t (s) Gas, T(℃), t (s) Gas, T(℃), t (s) Gas, T(℃), t (s)
S1 O2, 180, 50 He, 200, 120 He, 310, 60 He, 120, 150-580
O2, 375, 150 He, 300, 150 He, 475, 60 He, 250, 150-580
S2 O2, 475, 120 ─ ─ ─
S3 He, 450, 180 He, 450, 180 He, 615, 60 He, 450, 150-580
He, 650, 180 He, 650, 180 He, 840, 90 He, 550, 150-580
S4 O2, 500, 120 He/O2c, 500, 120 He/O2, 550, 35 O2, 550, 150-580
O2, 760, 150 He/O2, 550, 120 He/O2, 850, 105 O2, 700, 150-580
He/O2, 700, 70 O2, 800, 150-580
He/O2, 850, 80
图3 典型气溶胶样品（如北京冬季PM 2.5）的热光法Swiss_4S分析谱图
Fig. 3 Thermograms of a typical aerosol sample (Beijing, PM 2.5) using thermal-optical Swiss_4S protocol
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