地球科学进展 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 567 -580. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2026.043   cstr: 32269.14.adearth.CN62-1091/P.2026.043

综述与评述 上一篇    下一篇

水资源深部地质贮存地质环境效应研究框架
隋旺华1,2(), 高亮3, 林沛元4, 陈歌1,2(), 张莉1,2, 徐智敏1,2, 梁晋熙1,2   
  1. 1.中国矿业大学 资源与地球科学学院,江苏 徐州 221116
    2.矿山水害防治技术基础研究国家级 专业中心实验室,江苏 徐州 221116
    3.澳门大学 智慧城市物联网全国重点实验室,澳门 999078
    4.中山大学 土木工程学院,广东 珠海 519082
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-15 修回日期:2026-05-28 出版日期:2026-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 陈歌 E-mail:suiwanghua@cumt.edu.cn;cg5@cumt.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(内地—澳门)(42561160092);澳门科技发展基金项目(0030/2025/AFJ)

Research Framework of Geo-environmental Effects of Deep Geological Storage of Water Resources

Wanghua Sui1,2(), Liang Gao3, Peiyuan Lin4, Ge Chen1,2(), Li Zhang1,2, Zhimin Xu1,2, Jinxi Liang1,2   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China
    2.Fundamental Research Laboratory for Mine Water Hazards Prevention and Controlling Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
    4.School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai Guangdong 519082, China
  • Received:2026-04-15 Revised:2026-05-28 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-09-02
  • Contact: Ge Chen E-mail:suiwanghua@cumt.edu.cn;cg5@cumt.edu.cn
  • About author:Sui Wanghua, research areas include hydrogeology and engineering geology, mine safety geology, engineering geological hazards and geological environment. E-mail: suiwanghua@cumt.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Chinese Mainland-Macao)(42561160092);The Science and Technology Development Fund, Macao SAR(0030/2025/AFJ)

水安全是关系中华民族永续发展的战略问题。城市雨洪和矿井水既是灾害又是难得的非常规水资源,对其进行深部地质贮存,兼具水资源战略储备和减灾防灾的双重效益。然而,深贮过程中目标层选择尚不规范、温度场—应力场—渗流场—水化学场—微生物场等多场耦合机理不明导致增渗扩容不可控、深贮后目标层地下水环境演变规律不清、地质环境效应评估方法缺失,均制约着水资源深部地质贮存技术的规模化应用。围绕水资源深部地质贮存的地质环境效应核心科学问题,构建了涵盖水文地质精细评价、目标层智能优选、地质环境演化、致裂扩容增储、微生物调控及多场耦合的完整科学构想框架。以粤港澳大湾区城市雨洪深贮和其他城市矿井水为典型对象,通过定量评价深部砂岩、石灰岩等目标层的水文地质结构和赋存地质环境,融合机器学习与多源地质数据,建立环境友好型深贮目标层的智能优选方法;开展水岩—微生物耦合模拟和野外深贮试验等,构建基于人工智能高解析模型与数字孪生的温度场—应力场—渗流场—水化学场—微生物耦合数值模型,揭示水资源深贮水岩作用机理、微生物群落对渗流通道开闭作用的机理和赋存地质环境演变规律,构建深贮地质环境效应评价方法与差异化风险识别、预警与防控对策。预期成果将为破解水资源地质贮存的技术瓶颈、推动非常规水资源安全高效利用提供科学依据。

Water security is a strategic issue for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Urban stormwater and mine water serve not only as hazards but also as valuable unconventional water resources. Their deep geological storage presents dual benefits of strategic water resource reserves and disaster mitigation. Nevertheless, the large-scale application of this technology is hindered by the absence of standardized criteria for target layer selection, unclear coupling mechanisms of the thermal-stress-seepage-hydrochemical-microbial fields leading to uncontrollable permeability enhancement and capacity expansion, ambiguous evolutionary patterns of groundwater environments in target layers following storage, and a lack of methodologies for assessing geo-environmental effects. This study addresses the core scientific issue of geo-environmental effects of deep geological water storage by constructing a comprehensive scientific framework that encompasses refined hydrogeological evaluation, intelligent target layer optimization, geological environment evolution, fracturing-induced capacity expansion, microbial regulation, and multi-field coupling. Focusing on mine water from inland mining areas and urban stormwater in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay area, the framework quantitatively evaluates the hydrogeological structure and host geological environment of deep target layers such as sandstone and limestone. By integrating machine learning with multi-source geological data, it establishes an environmentally friendly intelligent optimization method for selecting deep storage target layers. Through water-rock-microbe coupling simulations and field deep storage experiments, a coupled numerical model of the thermal-stress-seepage-hydrochemical-microbial fields is developed using AI high-resolution modeling and digital twin technologies. This model reveals the mechanisms of water-rock interactions during deep water storage, elucidates the role of microbial communities in regulating seepage channel opening and closure, and delineates the evolutionary patterns of the host geological environment. Furthermore, an assessment method for geo-environmental effects of deep storage is established, accompanied by differentiated risk identification, early warning, and prevention and control strategies. The expected results will provide a scientific basis for resolving technical bottlenecks in geological water storage and advancing the safe and efficient utilization of unconventional water resources.

中图分类号: 

图1 矿井水(a)与城市雨洪(b)地质贮存示意图
Fig. 1 Geological storage of mine water (a) and urban stormwater (b)
表1 不同水资源深贮场景的适用条件
Table 1 Applicable conditions for different scenarios of deep geological water storage
对比维度矿井水深贮适用条件城市雨洪贮存适用条件
含水层条件以封闭防泄漏为第一原则,岩层整体性、封闭完整性优异;上覆巨厚、连续、稳定的隔水层,具备形成完整封闭—半开放水文地质单元的条件以临时储水调蓄雨洪为目标,兼顾存储空间与原位水质调控;具备充足空间容纳极端雨洪,并具有天然自净能力,规避污染物累积风险
水质要求矿井水水质不劣于目标层水质,需开展水化学相容性专项评价,规避矿物溶蚀、盐类沉淀堵塞、过度溶解等水文地球化学风险需对雨洪水进行预处理,过滤去除悬浮物、油污等杂质;维持贮存空间内好氧水环境,抑制厌氧微生物,防止水体厌氧腐败恶化
空间需求目标层厚度充足,可提供较大的深贮空间;足够的垂向隔水层厚度与空间距离,具备构建多层安全隔离屏障的能力,阻断高压水力连通、串层等要求靠近城市建成区,缩短雨洪输送管线距离,降低输配能耗与工程成本;与城市取水、水资源回用工程系统集成,实现“地下贮存—按需取用”循环
适用场景华北煤田、鄂尔多斯盆地等干旱—半干旱煤炭资源富集区,适配矿井水无法外排或地表常规水处理成本过高的资源约束型矿区粤港澳大湾区、长江三角洲等降水集中、地表水网发达且存在地下咸水层的滨海城市群,同步实现雨洪调蓄、非常规水资源储备、咸水层原位改良等
不适用场景储层裂隙极度发育、地层水力连通性强,存在安全风险;煤矿区赋存优质淡水含水层或存在诱发地下水串层污染重大环境风险的区域水流速度极快使得雨洪停留时间不足,难以形成规模化贮存;雨洪径流携带强污染源(重金属、持久性有机物)等高毒、难降解污染物的汇水区域
图2 目标层智能优选与选址方法示意图
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of intelligent optimization and site selection methods for target layer
图3 深贮致裂响应应力场—水动力场—水化学场耦合示意图
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of coupling of stress-hydrodynamic-hydrochemical fields in response to hydraulic fracturing in the deep storage of water
图4 室内水岩—微生物相互作用试验路线图
Fig. 4 Technical pathway for water-rock-microbe interaction test in laboratory
表2 深贮全生命周期风险识别、预警与防控措施表
Table 2 Risk identification, early warning and control measures for deep geological storage over the full lifecycle
风险类别具体风险预警指标防控对策
矿井水深贮场景城市雨洪贮存场景
物理风险①矿井水注入诱发断层/裂缝活化,诱发微震或地表形变;②堵塞导致井口压力异常升高,诱发泄漏①快速大量存储引起的热胀冷缩或孔隙压力效应,诱发次生工程地质灾害;②悬浮物堵塞孔隙微震事件及能量、监测井孔压变化率、应变速率、深贮压降速率等①设置井口压力上限;②采用分级压裂/脉冲深贮策略;③安装井下压力、微震等多参数实时监测系统
化学风险①高盐/重金属迁移至其他含水层;②矿物溶解导致渗透性增大,隔水层性能弱化①有机污染物[DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon);DBPs(Disinfection By-Products)]向下迁移;②氧化还原条件改变,释放铁、锰、砷等水化学特征指标(Fe、Mn、As、Cl-、SO42-等)超标,ORP(Oxidation-Reduction Potential) 突变①设置预处理单元(如纳滤、活性炭吸附);②深贮前进行水质相容性评价;③参照相关规范和导则,设置地下水监测井
生物风险①硫酸盐还原菌等堵塞渗流通道;②厌氧发酵产生CO2/H2S,影响水质①病原微生物(如大肠菌群)向下迁移;②外源微生物改变深部原微生物群落结构微生物群落多样性指数变化,特定功能菌数量等①深贮前进行微滤/紫外线消毒;②监测井定期取样进行16S rRNA测序;③若出现堵塞,可采用灭杀生物剂(如氯胺)间歇处理
图5 科学构想框架的实施路径
Fig. 5 Implementation pathway of the scientific conceptual framework
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