地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 497 -512. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.022

生态水文学理论与实践 上一篇    下一篇

城市化对地下水水量、水质与水热变化的影响及其对策分析
黄婉彬( ),鄢春华,张晓楠,邱国玉( )   
  1. 北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院，广东 深圳 518055
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-02 修回日期:2020-02-27 出版日期:2020-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 邱国玉 E-mail:hwanbin2018@pku.edu.cn;qiugy@pkusz.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市科技计划基础研究（学科布局）项目“飞行智能环境监测机器人研究”(JCYJ20180504165440088)

The Impact of Urbanization on Groundwater Quantity, Quality, Hydrothermal Changes and Its Countermeasures

Wanbin Huang( ),Chunhua Yan,Xiaonan Zhang,Guoyu Qiu( )   

  1. School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055, China
  • Received:2020-01-02 Revised:2020-02-27 Online:2020-05-10 Published:2020-06-05
  • Contact: Guoyu Qiu E-mail:hwanbin2018@pku.edu.cn;qiugy@pkusz.edu.cn
  • About author:Huang Wanbin (1997-), female, Putian City, Fujian Province, Master student. Research areas include urban ecological hydrology. E-mail: hwanbin2018@pku.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the Shenzhen Science and Technology Project “Research on flying intelligent environmental monitoring robot”(JCYJ20180504165440088)
全文 ( 73 ) 下载PDF ( 1653 )

地下水作为全世界近1/3城市人口的饮用水源，在城市化发展过程中起着战略性作用。针对水资源需求量最大、地下水污染负荷最重、地下工程开发强度最大的城市地区，梳理了城镇化背景下城市地区面临的地下水文循环过程变异、地下水污染、地下水“热岛效应”等生态水文问题，系统分析了城市地下水发生水量、水质、水热变化的机理，并揭示了地下水量、水质、水热问题的内在联系。研究发现，城市化引起的土地利用与覆被变化是导致地下水文循环过程变异的主要原因；城镇化建设和生活生产废物的污染负荷加剧了地下水质的恶化；城市化引起的垂直热通量的增加促进了地下水升温。通过总结城镇化地区地下水面临的生态水文问题及成因，提出应加快地下水污染防治技术攻关、完善地下水污染区域调控策略、建立城市地下水资源评价方法与体系、优化地下水资源配置，为保障城市水安全、建设生态文明城市并进一步促进经济社会的可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 城市化, 地下水循环, 地下水污染, 热岛效应, 可持续利用

Groundwater, as a drinking water source for nearly one third of the world’s urban population, plays a strategic role in the development of urbanization. The object of this study is urban areas with the largest demand for water resources, the heaviest load of groundwater pollution and the most intense development of underground projects. This study sorted out the eco-hydrological problems such as the variation of the groundwater hydrological process, the groundwater pollution, and the urban heat island of groundwater in urban areas under the background of urbanization. Furthermore, the mechanism of changes in the quantity, quality and heat of groundwater was also systematically analyzed, and the intrinsic interaction among these three factors was revealed. The study showed that changes in land use and land cover caused by the urbanization are the main reasons for the variation of groundwater hydrological process. The pollution load of urbanization construction and domestic production waste has aggravated the deterioration of groundwater quality. The increase in vertical heat flux caused by urbanization gives rise to the warming of groundwater. By summarizing the eco-hydrological problems and causes of groundwater in urbanized areas, several suggestions were proposed: ① Establishing the evaluation method and system of urban groundwater resources; ② Speeding up the technological breakthroughs of groundwater pollution control; ③ Improving the regional control strategies for groundwater pollution; ④ Optimizing the allocation of groundwater resources. This study will provide the theoretical basis and technical support for ensuring urban water safety, building ecological civilized cities and further promoting the sustainable development of economy and society.

Key words: Urbanization, Groundwater circulation, Groundwater pollution, Urban heat island effects, Sustainable utilization

中图分类号: 

图1 2000—2018年中国地下水资源总量及其占比[ 28 ]
Fig.1 The amount of groundwater resources and proportions of the total water resources in China from 2000 to 2018[ 28 ]
图2 城市化对地下水文过程的影响示意[ 15 , 19 ]
Fig.2 Schematic diagram for the effects of urbanization on groundwater hydrological process[ 15 , 19 ]
图3 城市地区潜在的人为热源及天然热源[ 109 ]
Fig.3 Potential anthropogenic and natural heat sources in urban areas[ 109 ]
图4 城市化地区地下水量、水质和水热问题及其相互作用关系
Fig.4 Interactions among quantity, quality and energy of groundwater on urban area
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