地下水年龄的概念及其测定方法研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2023.028

地球科学进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 594 -609. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2023.028

地下水年龄的概念及其测定方法研究进展

徐秋娥 ¹(

), 角媛梅 ¹(

), 张兆年 ¹, 丁银平 ², 张洪森 ¹, 陶妍 ¹

^1.云南师范大学地理学部，云南昆明 650500
^2.乐山师范学院旅游与地理科学学院，四川乐山 614000

收稿日期:2022-10-30 修回日期:2023-01-19 出版日期:2023-06-10
通讯作者: 角媛梅 E-mail:qiueXu8403@163.com;ymjiao@ynnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
云南省基础研究专项重点项目“云南高原特色农业流域景观变化及其水生态环境效应研究”(202201AS070024);云南省基础研究专项重大项目“苍山综合科学考察”(202201BC070001);云南师范大学研究生科研创新基金项目“哈尼梯田区多水体稳定氢氧同位素景观格局及其影响因素研究”(YJSJJ22-B99)

Definitions of Groundwater Age and Dating Methods: Progresses and Prospects

Qiue XU ¹( ), Yuanmei JIAO ¹( ), Zhaonian ZHANG ¹, Yinping DING ², Hongsen ZHANG ¹, Yan TAO ¹

^1.Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
^2.College of Tourism and Geographical Sicence, Leshan Normal University, Leshan Sichuan 614000, China

Received:2022-10-30 Revised:2023-01-19 Online:2023-06-10 Published:2023-06-07
Contact: Yuanmei JIAO E-mail:qiueXu8403@163.com;ymjiao@ynnu.edu.cn
About author:XU Qiue (1996-), female, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, Master student. Research area includes isotope hydrology. E-mail: qiueXu8403@163.com
Supported by:
the Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Project-Key Project “Research on landscape change and water ecological environment effect of characteristic agricultural watershed in Yunnan Plateau”(202201AS070024);Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects “Scientific investigation of Cangshan Mountain”(202201BC070001);Postgraduate Research and Innovation Fund of Yunnan Normal University “Study on the landscape pattern of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and its key impact factors in multiple Water in the Hani rice terraces”(YJSJJ22-B99)

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地下水测年是水循环尤其是水文地质研究的关键环节之一，但已提出的地下水年龄概念及其测年方法具有复杂多样且难以区分的特点，给实际应用和进一步发展带来困扰。系统梳理了学术界常出现的地下水年龄和滞留时间的概念内涵，同时对衍生的理想化年龄、示踪剂年龄、表观年龄、年龄分布和模型年龄等相关概念进行了辨析，综合分析并绘制了地下水年龄相关概念间的关系图；根据示踪剂类型，总结并评述了地下水测年的天然同位素示踪剂方法（包括放射性核素衰变法和稳定核素线性积累法）、人类活动产生的核素和温室气体示踪剂样品的采集、分析方法及其优缺点；指出地下水测年方法存在水质点和水体系统2个研究角度，并对当前正大量兴起的、从水体系统（动态）角度出发的多示踪剂联用和年龄数据的模型解释方法进行了评述，认为地下水测年方法需根据研究目标和示踪剂适用范围综合确定，未来应重点关注表征地下水系统时空动态的年龄分布研究，加强地质、水文和水化学等多学科数据信息的整合，从而建立地下水流数值模型来刻画年龄分布及模型研究。

关键词: 地下水年龄, 地下水测年, 多示踪剂联用, 同位素示踪

Groundwater dating is one of the key links in the study of water cycles, especially in hydrogeology. However, the proposed concept of groundwater age and its dating methods are complex and difficult to distinguish, which hinders practical application and further development. This study systematically examines the concept of groundwater age and resident time that often appear in academic circles, simultaneously differentiating and analyzing the derived idealized age, tracer age, apparent age, age distribution, and model age, and comprehensively analyzes and draws a relationship diagram among the definitions. Data of the sample collection and analysis methods, advantages, and disadvantages of the natural isotopes of groundwater dating (including the radionuclide decay method and stable nuclide linear calculation method), and the methods for detecting radionuclides produced by human activities and greenhouse gas tracers are summarized and reviewed. There are two perspectives of groundwater dating methods: water sample points and water systems. The model interpretation methods of multi-tracer combination and age data from the perspective of the water body system (dynamic) are reviewed. Furthermore, we synthetically state that the groundwater dating method should be determined comprehensively according to the research objectives and range of application of tracers, with more attention paid to the study of age distribution characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater systems. Future studies should strengthen the integration and model research of multidisciplinary data, such as geology, hydrology, and hydrochemistry, to establish a numerical model of groundwater flow to describe age distribution and model research.

Key words: Groundwater age, Groundwater dating, Multi-tracer combination, Isotope tracer

中图分类号:

P641.3

（1） 地下水年龄及其相关术语概念关系图^{［

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注： “—”表示CFC和SF₆没有半衰期。

（1） 地下水年龄及其相关术语概念关系图^{［

13
，

23
］}

null

注： “—”表示CFC和SF₆没有半衰期。

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