鄂尔多斯盆地北部深埋煤田区地表主要有沙漠、基岩台地和黄土沟壑等地貌类型，沙漠区工作面涌水量比其他地貌区大1~2个数量级。为了查清煤层顶板直接充水含水层补给水源、导水通道和充水强度的控制要素，从地形地貌和地质沉积方面开展了研究，结果表明：沙漠地貌地势平缓，降水入渗系数大，第四系厚度大、富水性强，为下伏含水层提供了丰富的补给水源；基岩台地和黄土沟壑地貌，地形起伏大，降水入渗系数极小，浅部地层富水性极弱，是下伏含水层补给能力较弱的水源。陆相沉积形成的砂泥岩互层结构，不存在区域性稳定隔水层，各层段均属于弱—中等富水性含水层，3个矿井的白垩系含水层水位下降了20~130 m，证明浅部与深部含水层存在较密切的水力联系。煤层顶板主要发育七里镇砂岩和真武洞砂岩含水层，为厚度较大的中粗砂岩段，直接充水含水层地质沉积条件相似，但是沙漠区工作面顶板钻孔水量、累计预疏放水量和采空区涌水量均远大于其他地貌区，直接充水含水层富水性主要受地貌控制，深部含水层的水源为大气降水和第四系含水层。沙漠地貌区的不同矿井，工作面顶板钻孔水量、累计预疏放水量、采空区涌水量也存在较大差异，该差异与直接充水含水层厚度和岩性等有关，反映了地质沉积条件也是控制含水层富水性的重要因素。地形地貌和地质沉积是控制直接充水含水层富水性和工作面涌水量的关键要素。

There were three landforms (i.e. desert, bedrock platform and loess gully) in deep-buried coalfield of northern Ordos Basin. Water inflow of working face in desert area was 1~2 orders of magnitude larger than that in other landform areas. In order to find out the key controlling factors of the directly water filled aquifers on the roof of the coal seam, we carried out research from the aspects of topography, landform and geological sedimentation. The results showed that desert landform provides abundant recharge water for underlying aquifers because of gentle topography, large precipitation infiltration coefficient, thick and water-rich quaternary system. While bedrock platform and loess gully landform were the water sources with weak recharge capacity of underlying aquifers. The sandstone-mudstone interbedding structure formed by continental deposits resulted in the absence of regional stable aquifers in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata on the roof of coal seams. Pumping tests of boreholes showed that all strata belong to weak to medium water-rich aquifers. The groundwater level of Cretaceous aquifer decreased by 20~130 m in three mines. There was a close hydraulic relationship between shallow and deep aquifers. The Mesozoic strata belonged to fluvial deposits. Qilizhen sandstone and Zhenwudong sandstone aquifers were mainly developed on the roof of the coal seam, which were characterized by thick medium-coarse sandstone sections. The geological and sedimentary conditions of direct water-filled aquifer were similar, but the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goaf in desert geomorphic area were much larger than those in bedrock platform and loess gully geomorphic area. The water-rich of the aquifer was mainly controlled by geomorphology, and the water sources of the deep aquifers were meteoric precipitation and Quaternary aquifer. In different mines with similar Quaternary conditions in Mu Us Desert, there were also great differences in the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goafs. The difference was related to the thickness and lithology of the aquifers. It reflected that the geological sedimentary conditions of the coal seam roof were also important factors to control the water-rich of the aquifers. Topography, landform and geological sedimentation were the key factors to control the water-rich of the aquifer directly and the water inflow from the working face.