地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 187 -201. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.123

青促会之地球科学领域 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原持久性有机污染物研究现状与展望
柴磊 1( ), 王小萍 1 , 2 , 3( )   
  1. 1.中国科学院青藏高原研究所环境变化与地表过程重点实验室，北京 100101
    2.中国科学院 青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心，北京 100101
    3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-11 修回日期:2021-12-29 出版日期:2022-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 王小萍 E-mail:537408689@qq.com;wangxp@itpcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究专项“跨境污染物调查与环境安全”(2019QZKK0605);中国科学院Ａ类战略先导科技专项“泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设”子课题“污染物跨境传输过程与环境影响对策”(XDA2004050202)

Current Knowledge and Future Prospects Regarding Persistent Organic Pollutants over the Tibetan Plateau

Lei CHAI 1( ), Xiaoping WANG 1 , 2 , 3( )   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Land Surface Processes，Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100101，China
    2.Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences，Beijing 100101，China
    3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
  • Received:2021-10-11 Revised:2021-12-29 Online:2022-02-10 Published:2022-03-08
  • Contact: Xiaoping WANG E-mail:537408689@qq.com;wangxp@itpcas.ac.cn
  • About author:CHAI Lei (1995-), male, Qingyang City, Gansu Province, Ph.D student. Research areas include environmental change of the Tibet Plateau. E-mail: 537408689@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Project "Investigation on transboundary pollutants and environmental safety"(2019QZKK0605);Class A Strategic Priority Research Science and Technology Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences "The Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road (Pan-TPE)"sub-project "Transboundary pollutants transport process and environmental impact countermeasures"(XDA2004050202)
全文 ( 72 ) 下载PDF ( 1554 )

自21世纪以来，对地球上最大、最高的高原——青藏高原上持久性有机污染物的含量、传输途径和归宿的了解已逐步深入，回顾了关于青藏高原持久性有机污染物研究的主要成果。高海拔山区的观测技术和多尺度模型是产出这些成果的关键突破口，而第三极持久性有机污染物观测网填补了青藏高原地区持久性有机污染物数据的空白，为系统阐明南亚持久性有机污染物的排放特征，明确印度季风驱动下持久性有机污染物输入青藏高原的过程与范围以及揭示青藏高原高寒生态系统对部分持久性有机污染物的富集程度提供了基础。植被、土壤和冰川是持久性有机污染物的重要汇。由于青藏高原临近国家是持久性有机污染物的排放源地，使得持久性有机污染物可通过远距离大气传输和“冷捕集”作用在青藏高原环境中富集。因此未来需要开展长期监测，准确量化新型污染物对青藏高原生态环境的影响，阐明气候变化和人类活动共同影响下青藏高原环境变化的趋向。最后，考虑到跨境传输是青藏高原持久性有机污染物污染的主要原因，因此还应在持久性有机污染物排放法规方面积极开展全球/区域合作，以减少持久性有机污染物的迁移及其对青藏高原的不利影响。

关键词: 持久性有机污染物, 青藏高原, 源, 汇, 气候变化

Entering the 21st century， our understanding of the level， source， transport and fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants （POPs） over the Tibetan Plateau （TP）， the largest and highest plateau on Earth， has been greatly enhanced. In this study， we have reviewed all the available literature to comprehensively understand the biogeochemical cycling of POPs over the TP. Based on the breakthrough of observation technology and multi-scale model developed for the TP region， new insights were obtained. The establishment of the atmospheric POPs monitoring network fills the data gap of POPs in the TP， and clarifies the emission characteristics of POPs in South Asia. All these data depict the spatiotemporal variation of POPs over the TP and shed the light on the role of the Indian monsoon on POPs transport. Vegetation， soil and glaciers of the TP act as important sinks for POPs. Use of POPs in surrounding counties， Long-Range Atmospheric Transport （LRAT） and "cold trapping" by the TP can happen following emission-transport-deposition events， and leading to the enrichment of POPs in the TP environment. Due to the intensification of human activities in the surrounding area of the TP and the melting of glaciers and frozen soil caused by global climate change， POPs behavior and distribution on the TP got changed， which should be of great concern. Therefore， long-term and continuous monitoring should be carried out in future to accurately quantify the impact of POPs and some emerging compounds on the ecological environment of the TP； the trend of environmental change over the TP under the joint influence of climate change and human activities should be addressed. Finally， it should be considered that transboundary transport is the main cause of POPs pollution over the TP， and global/regional cooperation should be actively carried out in terms of POPs emission regulations to reduce POPs migration and their adverse impact of POPs pollution over the TP.

Key words: Persistent organic pollutants, Tibetan Plateau, Source, Sink, Climate change

中图分类号: 

图1 改进的XAD被动采样器（据参考文献［ 60 ］修改）
（a） XAD示意图；（b）XAD优点；（c）XAD野外应用采样效率；（d）XAD流体力学模拟
Fig. 1 Improved XAD passive air samplers（modified after reference［ 60 ］）
（a） Schematic diagram of XAD； （b） Advantages of XAD；（c） Sampling efficiency in field application of XAD；（d） Hydrodynamic simulation of XAD
图2 第三极大气POPs被动观测网（TPPAS）示意图
Fig. 2 Third Pole POPs Passive Air Sampling （TPPAS） network
图3 印度季风是POPs输入青藏高原的动力
Fig. 3 Indian monsoon is the driving force of POPs into Tibetan Plateau
图4 南亚POPs跨喜马拉雅传输的通量和影响范围
（a） 青藏高原POPs污染物指纹谱分布与气候模式相对应；（b）南亚POPs跨喜马拉雅传输的通量；（c）南亚POPs跨喜马拉雅传输的影响范围
Fig. 4 Himalaya flux and impact range of POPs in South Asia
（a） The fingerprint distribution of POPs in the TP corresponds to the climate model； （b） Flux of POPs transport across the Himalayasin South Asia； （c） Impact range of POPs transport across Himalayas in South Asia
图5 裸鲤对POPs发生生物放大的机理
（a）基于逸度的裸鲤POPs富集模型；（b）裸鲤脂质校正浓度与营养级的关系；（c）裸鲤食物吸收效率
Fig. 5 Biological amplification mechanismof POPs Gymoncypris
（a） Enrichment model of Gymoncypris POPs based on fugacity； （b） Relationship between corrected concentration of Gymoncypris lipid and trophic； （c） Food absorption efficiency of Gymoncypris
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