地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 1267 -1276. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.12.1267

所属专题： IODP研究； 深海科学研究；

大洋钻探科学目标展望 上一篇    下一篇

解读过去、预告未来:IODP气候与海洋变化钻探研究进展与展望
翦知湣( ), 党皓文   
  1. 同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海 200092
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-30 修回日期:2017-11-26 出版日期:2017-12-20
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金项目“晚第四纪冰期旋回中热带海气CO 2交换格局的变化及其控制因素”(编号:41630965);国家海洋局国际合作项目“亚洲大陆边缘的古海洋与古地理演化”(编号: GASI-GEOGE-04)资助.

Reading the Past, Informing the Future: Progress and Prospective of the Recent Ocean Drilling Researches on Climate and Ocean Change

Zhimin Jian( ), Haowen Dang   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Received:2017-10-30 Revised:2017-11-26 Online:2017-12-20 Published:2018-03-06
  • About author:

    First author:Jian Zhimin(1966-), male, Changde City, Hu’nan Province, Professor. Research areas include marine geology.E-mail:jian@tongji.edu.cn

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Changes of tropical sea-air CO 2 exchange pattern during the late Quaternary glacial cycles and their controlling factors”(No.41630965);The State Oceanic Administration of China “Paleoceanographic and paleogeographic evolution of the Asian continental margins”(No. GASI-GEOGE-04).
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2013年启动的国际大洋发现计划(IODP)针对当前大气温室气体浓度急剧升高和全球变暖的气候变化现状,提出全球气候对CO2增高的响应、冰盖和海平面对全球变暖的响应、中—低纬水文循环的变化机制以及海洋碳化学体系的缓冲能力等4个科学挑战。截至2017年8月已经完成的8个IODP气候变化主题航次聚焦于亚洲—太平洋—印度洋区域的季风过程和西太平洋暖池的新生代演变,着重探索轨道—千年尺度上亚洲季风系统的变化特征和主导机制,以及构造时间尺度上亚洲季风与青藏高原隆升和剥蚀的动力联系。未来2年IODP将瞄准南半球高纬的冰盖、海冰、洋流和碳循环等气候因子,重点考察新生代西南极冰盖和海冰变化、白垩纪和古近纪南大洋的海洋环流和碳循环等。因此,IODP旨在深入探索以亚洲季风和西太平洋暖池为代表的热带海洋气候过程和以西南极冰盖为代表的高纬气候因子在多种时间尺度上的演变,为认识当前气候变化、预测未来气候趋势提供自然变化的科学依据。中国的优势在于全球季风概念和热带驱动假说方面的研究,特别是巽他陆架的气候效应。

关键词: 国际大洋发现计划, 气候变化, 全球季风, 西太平洋暖池

Aiming at the current climate status, i.e., drastic rise of atmospheric greenhouse gases and the apparent trend of global warming, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), launched in 2013, proposed four scientific challenges, including the response of global climate to CO2 rise, the feedback of ice-sheet and sea-level to global warming, the dynamics of the mid- and low-latitude hydro-cycle, and the mechanism of the marine carbon-chemical buffering system. By August 2017, eight IODP expeditions of climate-related themes were implemented, focusing on the Neogene evolution of the monsoon system over Asia-Pacific-Indian and the West Pacific Warm Pool, with specific interests in the variabilities and mechanisms of the Asian Monsoon system on orbital-to millennial-scales, as well as the connections between Asian Monsoon and the uplift/weathering of the Tibetan Plateau on tectonic time scale. The planned IODP expeditions in the forthcoming two years will explore the Southern high-latitude climate histories of West Antarctic ice in the Cenozoic, and Southern Ocean currents and carbon cycle in the Cretaceous-Paleogene. In sum, during the current phase of IODP (2013-2023), our knowledge about the marine climate system would be greatly advanced via deciphering the past changes in tropical processes of Asian Monsoon and West Pacific Warm Pool, as well as in high-latitude factors of the West Antarctic ice. A better scientific background of natural variability would be provided, accordingly, for predicting the future tendency in climate change. In this context, China’s strategic directions include the global monsoon concept, the tropical forcing hypothesis, and in particular the climate effect of the Sunda Shelf.

Key words: International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), Climate change, Global monsoon, West Pacific Warm Pool.

中图分类号: 

图1 2013—2019年IODP气候变化主题的航次分布示意图
数字表示IODP航次编号,红色表示截至2017年8月已完成航次,绿色表示2017—2019年计划航次;方框示对应航次主要钻探区域范围
Fig.1 Location of the IODP expeditions on climate change for 2013-2019
Numbers denote the expedition number. Red color indicates the expeditions implemented before August 2017, while green color indicates the expeditions scheduled for 2017-2019. Squares show the drilling areas of the corresponding expeditions
表1 2013—2017年已完成的IODP气候变化主题航次
Table 1 The IODP expeditions on climate change implemented during 2013-2017
IODP
航次		 航次主题 钻探区域 IODP站位 航次时间 取芯
总长/m		 首席科学家
363 西太平洋暖池 澳大利亚西北岸外,巴布亚新几内亚东部岸外,卡洛琳海 U1482~U1490 2016年
10~12月		 6 956 Rosenthal Y
Holbourn A
361 非洲南部气候 南非岸外 U1474~U1479 2016年
1~3月		 5 176 Hall I
Hemming S
359 马尔代夫季风
和海平面		 马尔代夫 U1465~U1472 2015年
9~11月		 3 097 Betzler C
Eberli G
356 印度尼西亚穿越流 澳大利亚西部—西北岸外 U1458~U1464 2015年
7~9月		 5 185 Gallagher S
Fulthorpe C
355 阿拉伯海季风 东阿拉伯海(印度扇) U1456~U1457 2015年
3~5月		 1 722 Pandey D
Clift P
354 孟加拉扇 孟加拉扇 U1449~U1455 2015年
1~3月		 1 727 France-Lanord C
Spiess V
353 印度季风 孟加拉湾 U1443~U1448 2014年11月至
2015年1月		 4 280 Clemens S
Kuhnt W
346 亚洲季风 日本海和中国东海 U1422~U1429 2013年
7~9月		 6 135 Tada R
Murray R W
表2 2017—2019年已列入计划的IODP气候变化主题航次
Table 2 The IODP expeditions on climate change scheduled for 2017-2019
IODP
航次		 航次主题 钻探区域 计划
站位数量		 航次时间 首席科学家 最深钻探
目标年龄
371 塔斯曼前沿俯冲和
古近纪气候		 塔斯曼海 6 2017年7~9月 Sutherland R
Dickens G		 新生代
369 澳大利亚白垩纪气
候和构造		 西南澳大利亚岸外 7 2017年9~11月 Huber B
Hobbs R		 三叠纪
374 罗斯海西南极冰盖
历史		 罗斯海 6 2018年1~3月 McKay R
De Santis L		 早中新世
378 南太平洋古近纪
气候		 亚极地西南太平洋 9 2018年10~12月 Thomas D
Röhl U		 古近纪
379 阿蒙森海西南极
冰盖历史		 阿蒙森海 6 2019年1~3月 Gohl K
Wellner J		 晚白垩纪
382 冰山排泄通道古海洋学和南福克兰陆坡堆积体 亚极地西南大西洋 6 2019年3~5月 Weber M
(待确定)		 中中新世
383 太平洋南极绕极流
动力学		 亚极地南太平洋 6 2019年5~7月 (待确定)
(待确定)		 /
图2 世界3个大陆的赤道河系
Fig.2 The equatorial river systems in the world’s three continents
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