北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统边界与水文地质性质

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2014.03.0412

北方岩溶水系统具有固定补给范围和资源要素,是岩溶地下水进行独立循环的基本单元,控制了岩溶水的运移富集、水化学演化特征、资源构成以及环境地质问题。开展岩溶水系统研究的首要任务是确定系统边界位置及其水文地质性质。以北京西山黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统为研究对象,采用地质学、岩溶动力学、流体动力学、水文地球化学、地球物理勘探等方法,确定黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统是由南部大石河背斜岩溶水子系统和北部百花山向斜南翼岩溶水子系统2个次级系统组成;其含水岩层分别为蓟县系铁岭组、雾迷山组和青白口系景儿峪组、奥陶系、寒武系碳酸盐岩。根据边界的水文地质性质可以划分为地表分水岭边界、地下分水岭边界、隔水边界、岩溶含水层深埋滞流性边界等类型。

关键词: 岩溶水系统, 水文地质边界, 黑龙关泉域

With a fixed supplied scope and resource elements, karst groundwater system circulates as an independent unit in northern China, which controls karst water transport and enrichment, hydrochemical evolution, composition of water resources and environmental geological problems. In order to carry out karst groundwater system research, the primary task is determining the location and hydrogeological properties of boundaries. In this paper, we choose Heilongguan karst water system at Xishan region in Beijing as research object and determine the hydrogeological boundaries by geology, karst dynamics, fluid dynamics, hydro-geochemical, geophysical exploration and other methods. Finally, we conclude that Heilongguan karst water system is composed of two subsystems. The one is Dashihe anticline karst water subsystem, situated in the south and composed by the Upper Proterozoic aquifer;The other is Baihuashan syncline karst water subsystem, situated in the north and composed by Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer. According to hydrogeological properties of boundaries, there are surface water watershed boundary, underground watershed boundary, confining boundaries, karst aquifers deep stagnant boundary and other types.

Key words: Karst groundwater system, Hydrogeological boundaries, Heilongguan springshed.

中图分类号:

P641

图1 黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统地质略图

Fig.1 Geological sketch map of Heilongguan springshed

表1 研究区寒武—奥陶系岩溶地下水位实测汇总表

Table 1 Measured water level of Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer of study area

位置	水位/m	位置	水位/m
四马台岩溶井	643.0	饮马槽岩溶井	420.0
水湖子泉	565.0	上水峪岩溶井	155.0
蒲洼村黄土坡岩溶井	541.0	黑龙关泉	143.0
鱼谷洞泉	320.0	凉水泉	368.0
大地港岩溶井	595.0	九道河泉	223.0
芦子水泉	608.0	凡泉沟泉	380.0
上清水泉	550.0	大西沟岩溶井	195.0
西岭泉	630.0	花港岩溶井	147.5
河北泉	123.0	贾峪口岩溶井	267.0
柳林水岩溶井	318.0	银水岩溶井	307.0

表1 研究区寒武—奥陶系岩溶地下水位实测汇总表

Table 1 Measured water level of Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer of study area

位置	水位/m	位置	水位/m
四马台岩溶井	643.0	饮马槽岩溶井	420.0
水湖子泉	565.0	上水峪岩溶井	155.0
蒲洼村黄土坡岩溶井	541.0	黑龙关泉	143.0
鱼谷洞泉	320.0	凉水泉	368.0
大地港岩溶井	595.0	九道河泉	223.0
芦子水泉	608.0	凡泉沟泉	380.0
上清水泉	550.0	大西沟岩溶井	195.0
西岭泉	630.0	花港岩溶井	147.5
河北泉	123.0	贾峪口岩溶井	267.0
柳林水岩溶井	318.0	银水岩溶井	307.0

图2 黑龙关泉域岩溶水系统等水位线图

Fig.2 Water level contour map of Heilongguan springshed

图3 黑龙关岩溶水系统北边界上清水泉—圣莲山地质剖面图

Fig.3 The geological profile of Shangqingshuiquan-Shenglianshan of Heilongguan springshed

图4 大安山—红煤厂断层面的溶蚀现象

Fig.4 The corrosion phenomena of Da’anshan-Hongmeichang fault

图5 黑龙关岩溶水系统西南边界大港—北窖地质剖面图

Fig.5 The geological profile of Dagang-Beijiao of Heilongguan springshed

图6 大石河背斜岩溶水文地质剖面图

Fig.6 The hydrogeological profiles of Dashi anticline of Heilongguan springshed

图7 霞云岭北断层可控源音频大地电磁法视电阻率解译剖面图

Fig.7 The apparent resistivity profiles of northern Xiayunling fault controlled source audio magnetotelluric method interprets

图8 工作区不同含水岩组岩溶水样水化学三线图

Fig. 8 The hydrochemical trigraph of karst water samples

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摘要

Karst Water System Boundaries and Hydrogeological Properties of Heilongguan Springshed in Xishan Region, Beijing