[1] New M, Hulme M, Jones P. Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part II: Development of 1901-96 monthly grids of terrestrial surface climate[J]. Jorunal of Climate,1999, 13:  2 217-2 238.
[2] Mitchell T D, Jones P D. An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observation and associated high-resolution grids[J].International Journal of Climatology,2005, 25: 693-712.
[3] Mitchell T D, Carter T R, Jones P D, et al. A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for Europe and the globe: The observed record (1901-2000) and 16 scenarios (2001-2100)[R]. Tydall Working Paper 55, Tyndall Centre, UEA, Norwich, UK,2004.
[4] Peterson T C, Vose R S. An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network temperature database[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1997, 78: 2 837-2 849.
[5] Xie P, Arkin P A. Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1997, 78: 2 539-2 558.
[6] Huffman G J, Adler R F, Arkin P, et al. The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) combined precipitation datasets[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1997, 78: 5-20.
[7] Bengtsson L, Shukla J. Integration of space and in situ observations to study global climate change[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1988, 69: 1 130-1 143.
[8] Trenberth K E, Olson J G. An evaluation and intercomparison of global analyses from national neteorological center and the European centre for medium range weather forecasts[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1988, 69: 1 047-1 057.
[9] Bengtsson L, Arkin P, Berrisford P, et al. The need for a dynamical climate reanalysis[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2007, 88: 495-501.
[10] Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, et al. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1996, 77: 437-471.
[11] Kistler R, Kalnay E, Collins W, et al. The NCEP-NCAR 50-year reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2001, 82: 247-267.
[12] Kanamitsu M, Ebisuzaki W, Woollen J, et al. NCEP/DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis(R-2)[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2002, 83: 1 631-1 643.
[13] Takacs L L, Molod A, Wang T. Documentation of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) General Circulation Model-Version 1[R]. NASA Technical Memorandum, 104606, Vol. 1, Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD,1994.
[14] Schubert S D, Park C K, Wu C Y, et al. A multi-year assimilation with the GEOS-1 system: Overview and results[R].Suarea M J,ed. NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modelling and Data Assimilation,1995:6.
[15] Gibson J K, Kallberg P, Uppala S, et al. ERA Description. ECMWF Re-Analysis Project Report Series No.1[R]. European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK, 1997.
[16] Simmons A J, Gibson J K. The ERA-40 Project Plan[R]. ECMWF Re-Analysis Project Report Series No.1,2000.
[17] Uppala S M, Kallberg P W, Simmons A J, et al. The ERA-40 re-analysis[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2005, 131: 2961-3012.
[18] Onogi K, Tsutsui J, Koide H, et al. The JRA-25 reanalysis[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2007, 85(3): 369-432.
[19] Zhao Zongci. Resent research focus on climate change[J].Climate Change Newsletter,2003, 4: 14-15.[赵宗慈. 当前气候变化研究的热点[J]. 气候变化通讯，2003, 4: 14-15.]
[20] Kalnay E, Cai M. Impact of urbanization and land-use change on climate[J].Nature,2003, 423: 528-531.
[21] Santer B D, Wehner M F, Wigley T M L, et al. Contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent tropopause height changes[J].Science,2003, 301: 479-483.
[22] Santer B D, Sausen R, Wigley T M L, et al. Behavior of tropopause height and atmospheric temperature in models, reanalyses, and observations: Decadal changes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003b, 108: D14002, doi:10.1029/2002JD002258.
[23] Santer B D, Wigley T M L, Simmons A J, et al. Identification of anthropogenic climate change using a second-generation reanalysis[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004, 109: D21104, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005075.
[24] Fu Congbin, Wang Shuyu, Xiong Zhe, et al. Progress report on regional climate model intercomparison project for Asia[J].Climatic and Environmental Research, 2004, 9(2): 2-16.[符淙斌, 王淑瑜, 熊喆,等. 亚洲区域气候模式比较计划的进展[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2004, 9(2): 2-16.]
[25] Fu Congbin, Wang Shuyu, Xiong Zhe, et al. Regional climate model intercomparison project for Asia[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2005, 86(2): 257-266.
[26] Mesinger F, DiMego G, Kalnay E, et al. North American regional reanalysis[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2006, 87: 343-360.
[27] Roads J O, Betts A. NCEP-NCAR and ECMWF reanalysis surface water and energy budgets for the Mississippi River Basin[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2000, 1 (1): 88-94.
[28] Roads J O, Chen S C. Surface water and energy budgets for the Mississippi catchment area from global reanalysis and a regional climate model[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2001, 26: 369-375.
[29] Maurer E P, O′Donnell G M, Lettenmaier D P, et al. Evaluation of the land surface water budget in NCEP/NCAR and NCEP/DOE reanalyses using an off-line hydrologie model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(D16):17 841-17 862.
[30] Zhao Ruixia, Wu Guoxiong. Water budget for the Yellow River basin and evaluation of ECMWF and NCEP／NCAR reanalysis data[J].Progress in Natural Science,2006，16(3)：316-324.[赵瑞霞，吴国雄.黄河流域中上游水分收支以及再分析资料可用性分析[J]．自然科学进展, 2006,16(3)：316-324.]
[31] Zhao Ruixia, Wu Guoxiong. Water budget for the Yangtze river basin and evaluation of ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2007, 65（3）：416-427.[赵瑞霞, 吴国雄．长江流域水分收支以及再分析资料可用性分析[J]．气象学报, 2007, 65（3）：416-427.]
[32] Zhang Wenjun, Zhou Tianjun,Yu Rucong. A preliminary analysis on the moisture budget of East China[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2007，31(2): 329-345.[张文君,周天军,宇如聪.中国东部水分收支的初步分析[J]. 大气科学，2007，31(2): 329-345.]
[33] Bengtsson L, Hodges K I, Hagemann S. Sensitivity of the ERA-40 reanalysis to the observing system: Determination of the global atmospheric circulation from reduced observations[J].Tellus,2004, 56: 456-471.
[34] Bengtsson L, Arkin P, Berrisford P, et al. The need for a dynamical climate reanalysis[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2007, 88 (4): 495-501.
[35] Fiorino M. The impact of observing system changes on the climate-scale variability and temperature in the ECMWF and NCEP reanalyses[C]//2^ndWCRP International Conference on Reanalysis, Reading, England, 23-27 Aug. WMO, Geneva, Switzerland,1999.
[36] Ebisuzaki W, Kistler R. An examination of a data-constrained assimilation[C]//2^ndWCRP International Conference on Reanalysis, WCRP-109, WMO/TD-No. 985, 14-17,2000.
[37] Uppala S. Observing system performance in ERA[R]. ECMEF reanalysis Project Reports Series, 3,1997.
[38] Wu R, Kinter J L, Kirtman B P. Discrepancy of interdecadal changes in the Asian region among the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, Objective analyses, and observations[J].Jorunal of Climate,2005, 15:    3 048-3 067.
[39] Bengtsson L, Hagemann S, Hodges K I. Can climate trends be calculated from reanalysis data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004b, 109, D11111, doi:10.1029/2004 JD004536.
[40] Sturaro G. A closer look at the climatological discontinuities present in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis temperature due to the introduction of satellite data[J].Climate Dynamics,2003, 21: 309-316.
[41] Trenberth K E, Stepaniak D P, Hurrell J W, et al. Quality of reanalysis in the tropics[J].Jorunal of Climate,2001, 14: 1 499-1 510.
[42] Yang S, Lau K M, Kim K M. Variations of the East Asian jet stream and Asian-Pacific-American winter climate anomalies[J].Jorunal of Climate,2002, 15: 306-325.
[43] Inoue T, Matsumoto J. A comparison of summer sea level pressure over east Eurasia between NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and ERA-40 for the period 1960-1999[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2004, 82:951-958.
[44] Marshall G J, Harangozo S A. An appraisal of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis MSLP data variability for climate studies in the South Pacific[J].Geophysical Research Letter, 2000, 27: 3 057-3 060.
[45] Marshall G J. Trends in Antarctic geopotential height and temperature: A comparison between radiosonde and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data[J].Jorunal of Climate,2002, 15: 659-674.
[46] Hodges K I, Hoskins B J, Boyle J, et al. A Comparison of Recent reanalysis datasets using objective feature tracking: Storm tracks and tropical easterly waves[J].Monthly Weather Review,2003, 131: 2 012-2 037.
[47] Bromwich D H, Fogt R L. Strong trends in the skill of the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses in the high and midlatitudes of the southern hemisphere, 1958-2001[J].Jorunal of Climate,2004, 17:  4 603-4 619.
[48] Trenberth K E. Atmospheric circulation climate changes[J].Climate Changes,1995, 31: 427-453.
[49] WCRP. Proceedings of 2nd WCRP International Conference on Reanalyses[C].WCRP-109, WMO/TD-No. 985, WMO, 2000.
[50] Mitas C M, Clement A. Has the Hadley cell been strengthening in recent decades[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2005, 32: L03809, doi:10.1029/2004GL021765.
[51] Bromwich D H, Fogt R L, Hodges K I, et al. A tropospheric assessment of the ERA-40, NCEP, and JRA-25 global reanalyses in the polar regions[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007, 112, D10111, doi:10.1029/2006JD007859.
[52] Zhao Y, Li J. Discrepancy of mass transport between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres among the ERA-40, NCEP/NCAR, NCEP-DOE AMIP-2, and JRA-25 reanalysis[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2006, 33, L20804, doi:10.1029/2006GL027287.
[53] Yue Yang, Guan Zhaoyong, Wang Panxing. Differences of the Bi-level structure of Hadley cells between two different reanalysis data[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2005, 28（5）: 695-703.[岳阳, 管兆勇, 王盘兴. 两种再分析资料间Hadley环流双层结构的差异[J]. 南京气象学院学报，2005, 28（5）: 695-703.]
[54] Simmons A J, Jones P D, Bechtold V D C, et al. Comparison of trends and low-frequency variability in CRU, ERA-40, and NCEP/NCAR analyses of surface air temperature[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004, 109, D24115, doi:10.1029/2004JD005306.
[55] Bordi I, Fraedrich K, Petitta M, et al. Large-scale assessment of drought variability based on NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 re-analyses[J].Water Resources Management,2006, 20: 899-915.
[56] Sterl A.On the (in)homogeneity of reanalysis products[J].Journal of Climate,2004, 17: 3 866-3 873.
[57] Zolina O, Kapala A, Simmer C, et al. Analysis of extreme precipitation over Europe from different reanalyses: A comparative assessment[J].Global and Planetary Change,2004, 44: 129-161.
[58] Zhao Tianbao, Fu Congbin. Comparison of products from ERA-40, NCEP-2 and CRU with station data for summer precipitation over China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Science,2006, 23: 593-604.[59] Wang X, Swall V R, Zwiers F W. Climatology and changes of extratropical cyclone activity: Comparison of ERA-40 with NCEP-NCAR reanalysis for 1958-2001[J].Journal of Climate,2006, 19: 3 145- 3 166.
[60] WCRP. Proceedings of 1st WCRP International Conference on Reanalyses[C].WCRP-104, WMO/TD-No. 876,WMO, 1998.
[61] WCRP. The 3rd WCRP International Conference on Reanalyses[C].Tokyo:University of Tokyo,2008.
[62] Annamalai H, Slingo J M, Sperber K R, et al. The mean evolution and variability of the Asian summer monsoon：Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis[J].Monthly Weather Review,1999, 127: 1 157-1 186.
[63] Li H, Robock A, Liu S, et al. Evaluation of reanalysis soil moisture simulations using updated chinese soil moisture observations[J].Journal of Hydrometeorology,2005, 6: 180-193.
[64] Su Zhixia, Lü Shihua, Luo Siwei. The examinations and analysis of NCEP/NCAR 40 years global reanalysis data in Chian[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 1999, 18(2): 209-218.[苏志侠, 吕世华, 罗思维. 美国NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料及其初步分析[J].高原气象，1999, 18（2）: 209-218.]
[65] Xu Ying,Ding Yihui, Zhao Zongci. Confidence analysis of NCEP/NCAR 50-year global reanalyzed data in climate change research in China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorlolgical Science, 2001, 12（3）: 337-347.[徐影, 丁一汇, 赵宗慈. 美国NCEP/NCAR近50年全球再分析资料在我国气候变化研究中可信度的初步分析[J]. 应用气象学报, 2001, 12（3）: 337-347.]
[66] Wei Li, Li Dongliang. Evaluation of NCEP/DOE surface flux data over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteorology, 2003, 22 (5) : 478-487.[魏丽, 李栋梁. 青藏高原地区NCEP再分析地面通量资料的检验[J]. 高原气象, 2003, 22 (5) : 478-487.]
[67] Wei Li, Li Dongliang. Reliability of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in climatic change along Qinghai-Xizang railway[J].Plateau Meteorology, 2003, 22(5): 488-494.[魏丽, 李栋梁. NCEP/NCAR 再分析资料在青藏铁路沿线气候变化研究中的适用性[J]. 高原气象, 2003, 22 (5) : 488-494.]
[68] Li Chuan, Zhang Tingjun, Chen Jing. Climatic change of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region in recent 40-year reanalysis and surface observation data, contrast of observational data and NCEP, ECMWF surface air temperature and Precipitation[J]. Plateau Meteorology,  2004, 23: 97-103.[李川, 张廷军, 陈静. 近40年青藏高原地区的气候变化: NCEP和ECMWF地面气温及降水再分析和实测资料对比分析[J]. 高原气象, 2004, 23: 97-103.]
[69] Zhao Tianbao, Ai Likun, Feng Jinming, An intercomparison between NCEP reanalysis and observed data over China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2004 , 9 (2) : 278-294.[赵天保, 艾丽坤, 冯锦明. NCEP再分析料和中国站点观测资料的分析比较[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2004, 9（2）: 278-294.]
[70] Frauenfeld O W, Zhang T, Serreze M C. Climate change and variability sing European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA-40) temperatures over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2005, 110: D2101.
[71] Zhao Tianbao, Fu Congbin. Preliminary comparison and analysis between ERA-40, NCEP-2 Reanalysis and Observations over China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research, 2006, 11（1）: 14-32.[赵天保, 符淙斌. 中国区域ERA-40、NCEP-2再分析资料与观测资料的初步比较分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2006, 11（1）: 14-32.]
[72] Fang Zhifang, Zhang Li. NCAR-NCEP data quality and abrupt changes of east Asia low in summer of 1970′s[J].Plateau Meteorology, 2006, 25(2): 179-189.[方之芳, 张丽. 夏季NCEP资料质量和20世纪70年代东亚热低压的突变[J]. 高原气象, 2006, 25(2): 179-189.]
[73] Huang Gang. The assessment and difference of the interdecadal variations of climate change in northern part of China with the NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalysis data[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2006, 11(3): 310-320.[黄刚. NCEP/NCAR和ERA-40再分析资料以及探空观测资料分析中国北方地区年代际气候变化[J].气候与环境研究, 2006, 11(3): 310-320.] 
[74] Shi Xiaohui, Xu Xiangde, Xie Li′an. Reliability analyses of anomalies of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind speed and surface temperature in climate change research in China[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2006, 64(6): 709-721.[施晓晖, 徐祥德, 谢立安. NCEP/NCAR再分析风速、表面气温距平在中国区域气候变化研究中的可信度分析[J].气象学报, 2006, 64(6): 709721.]
[75] Han Jinping, Wang Huijun. Features of interdecadal changes of the East Asian summer monsoon and similarity and discrepancy in ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2007, 50(6): 1 666-1 676.[韩晋平, 王会军．东亚夏季风年代际变化的若干重要特征及两份大气再分析资料的异同[J]．地球物理学报, 2007, 50(6): 1 666-1 676.]
[76] Zhao Tianbao, Fu Congbin. Intercomparison of the summertime subtropical high from the ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR over east Eurasia and the western north Pacific[J].Advances in Atmospheric Science,2008, 26(1):119-131.
[77] Zhao Tianbao,Hua Lijuan. Applicability evaluation of surface pressure for several reanalysis datesets over China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorlolgical Science, 2008, 20(1):70-79.[赵天保，华丽娟. 几种再分析地表气压资料在中国区域的适用性评估[J]. 应用气象学报，2008, 20(1):70-79.]
[78] Zhao Tianbao,Fu Congbin.Applicability evaluation for several reanalysis datasets using the upper-air observations over China[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2009,33(3):634-648.[赵天保,符淙斌. 应用探空观测资料评估几类再分析资料在中国区域的适用性\[J\]. 大气科学，33(3): 634-648.]
[79] Zhao Tianbao, Fu Congbin. Applicability evaluation of surface Air temperature from several reanalysis datasets over China[J].Plateau Meteorology, 2009, 28(3):594-605.[赵天保，符淙斌.几种再分析地表气温资料在中国区域的适用性评估[J]. 高原气象, 2009, 28(3):594-605.]
[80] Troccoli A, Kållberg P. Precipitation correction in the ERA-40 reanalysis[R]. ECMWF Re-Analysis Project Report Series, 13,2004.
[81] Sheffield J, Ziegler A D, Wood E F, et al. Correction of the high-latitude rain day anomaly in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for land surface hydrological modeling[J].Journal of Climate,2004, 17: 3 814-3 828.