[1] Wang Tao, Chen Guangting. Desert and Gobi of China[M]. Shanghai: Scientific Technical Literature Press, 2008.[王涛, 陈广庭. 中国的沙漠·戈壁[M]. 上海: 科学技术文献出版社,2008.] [2] Sun Honglie. The primary task and strategy of ecological construction in west China[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry,2002, 21(1): 3-6.[孙鸿烈. 西部生态建设的主要任务及战略措施[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2002, 21(1): 3-6.] [3] Chen Rensheng, Kang Ersi, Ji Xibin, et al. Preliminary study of the hydrological processes in the Alpine Meadow and permafrost regions at the headwaters of Heihe River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007, 29(3): 387-396.[陈仁升, 康尔泗, 吉喜斌, 等. 黑河源区高寒草甸的冻土及水文过程初步研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2007, 29(3): 387-396.] [4] Shi Yafeng.Geographical Environment and Glacier Research[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1998.[施雅风. 地理环境与冰川研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,1998.] [5] Bureau of Land Management Soil of Xizang Autonomous Region.The Soil Resources of Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994.[西藏自治区土地管理局.西藏自治区土壤资源[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994.] [6] Li Jijun. On the landform genetic processes of Alpine Periglacial zones in continental climate[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1983, 5(1): 1-9.[李吉均. 陆性气候高山冰缘带的地貌过程[J]. 冰川冻土, 1983, 5(1): 1-9.] [7] Yang Kai,Gao Qingzhu, Li Yue, et al.Spatial distribution of grassland degradation and trend in Northern Tibet[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007, 22(4): 410-411.[杨凯, 高清竹, 李玉娥, 等. 藏北地区草地退化空间特征及其趋势分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2007, 22(4): 410-411.] [8] Tang Qicheng. Formation and transformation of runoff in arid regions of China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1990, 5(1): 1-10.[汤奇成. 中国干旱区径流的形成及转化[J]. 自然资源学报, 1990, 5(1): 1-10.] [9] Herzschuh U, Kürschner H, Mischke S. Temperature variability and vertical vegetation belt shifts during the last ~50 000 yr in the Qilian Mountains (NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China)[J].Quaternary Research,2006, 66: 133-146. [10] Investigation Team of Chinese Academy of Science. Natural Geography in Tibetan Plateau\[M\]. Beijing: Science Press, 1988.[中国科学院调查组. 西藏自然地理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,1988.] [11] Kang Ersi, Cheng Guodong, Lan Yongchao,et al. A model for simulating the responses of runoff from the mountainous watersheds of inland river basins in the arid area of northwest China to climatic changes[J].Science in China (Series D),1999, 42: 52-63. [12] Barry R G. Mountain Weather and Climate[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. [13] Hu Shaungxi. Qilian Mountains Alpine cold desert soil development and relationship with Glacier change[C]//The Collected Papers No. 5 of Lanzhou Glaciology and Geocryology Institute of Chinese Academy of Science. Beijing: Science Press, 1985:109-115.[胡双熙. 祁连山高山寒漠土的发育与冰川变化的关系[C]//中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所集刊第5号. 北京: 科学出版社, 1985:109-115.][14] Gu Guoan, Zhang Leide. Soil-forming characteristics of Gypsic frigid desert soils in the Qingzhang Plateau[J].Acta Botanica sinica,1991, 28(2): 196-201.[顾国安, 张累德. 青藏高原石膏寒漠土的发生特点[J]. 土壤学报, 1991, 28(2): 196-201.] [15] Guo Dongxin, Cheng Guodong. The classification of High-Asia Periglacial process types and their altitudinal spectrums[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1996, 18(suppl.): 148-156.[郭东信, 程国栋. 高亚洲冰缘作用类型及其垂直带谱特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 1996, 18(增刊):148-156.] [16] Investigation Team of Chinese Academy of Science. Vegetation in Tibetan Plateau[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1988.[中国科学院调查组. 西藏植被[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988.] [17] Chang D H S. The vegetation zonation of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Mountain Research and Development,1981, 1(1): 29-49. [18] Houyuan Lu, Naiqin Wu, Zhaoyan Gu. Distribution of carbon isotope composition of modern soils on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau[J].Biogeochemistry,2004, 70 (2): 275-299. [19] Hu Shuangxi, Zhang Jiaen, Ma Yuzhen, et al. Formation and evolution of alpine soils the glacier environment changes of central Tianshan Mountains[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1998, 35(2): 243-253.[胡双熙, 章家恩, 马玉贞, 等. 天山中段冰川环境变迁与高山土壤的形成演化[J]. 土壤学报, 1998, 35(2): 243-253.] [20] Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Science. Chinese Soil[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1980.[中国科学院南京土壤研究所. 中国土壤[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,1980.] [21] Li Wenhua, Zhou Xingmin. Ecosystems of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan) Plateau and Approach for Their Sustainable Management[M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 1998.[李文华, 周兴民. 青藏高原生态系统及优化利用模式[M]. 广州: 广东科学技术出版社, 1998.] [22] Qi Shanzhong, Luo Fang, Xiao Honglang. Sustainable uses of soil resources in moun ta inous area s of Hexi region in Gansu province[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Area,2005, 23(3): 186-190.[齐善忠, 罗芳, 肖洪浪. 甘肃河西山地土壤资源可持续利用研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005, 23(3): 186-190.] [23] Kuhle M. The cold deserts of High Asia (Tibet and Contiguous Mountains)[J].GeoJournal,1990, 20(3): 319-323. [24] Nash L L, Gleick P H. The sensitivity of streamflow in Colorado Basin to climatic changes[J].Journal of Hydrology,1991, 125: 221-241. [25] Barry R G. Past and potential future changes in mountain environments[C]//Beniston M, ed. Mountain Environments in Changing Climate. London: Routledge, 1994:55-79. [26] Zhang Xuecheng, Yang Zhenniang. The primary analysis of water-balance in Binggou Basin of Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1991, 13(1): 35-42.[张学成, 杨针娘. 祁连山冰沟流域水量平衡分析[J]. 冰川冻土,1991, 13(1): 35-42.] [27] Yang Daqing, Shi Yafeng, Kang Ersi, et al. Analysis and correction of systematic errors in precipitation measurement in the Urumchi River Basin, Tianshan\[C\]//Shi Yafeng, ed. Urumchi River Mountains Area water Resource Formation and Estimate. Beijing: Science Press, 1992:14-40.[杨大庆, 施雅风, 康尔泗, 等. 天山乌鲁木齐河流域降水观测系统误差分析和修正[C]//施雅风, 主编. 乌鲁木齐河山区水资源形成和估算. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992:14-40.] [28] Aizen V B, Aizen E M. Features of regime and mass exchange of some glaciers on central Asia periphery[J].Glacier Research,1994, 12: 9-24. [29] Wang Ninglian, He Jianqiao, Jiang Xi, et al. Study on the zone of maximum precipitation in the north slopes of the central Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009, 31(3): 395-403.[王宁练, 贺建桥, 蒋熹, 等. 祁连山中段北坡最大降水高度带观测与研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 2009, 31(3): 395-403.] [30] Zhang Yinsheng, Kang Ersi, Yang Daqing. Experimental study on the evaporation in the high-altitude area of the Urumchi River Basin[C]//Shi Yafeng, ed. Urumchi River Mountains Area Water Resource Formation and Estimate. Beijing:Science Press, 1992:79-89.[张寅生, 康尔泗, 杨大庆. 乌鲁木齐河流域高寒区蒸发量观测试验研究[C]//施雅风, 主编.乌鲁木齐河山区水资源形成和估算. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992:79-89.] [31] Permafrost Soils Research Institute of Siberia of U.S.S.R. Academy of Science. The Ordinary Cryopedology[M].Guo Dongxin, Liu Tieliang, Zhang Weixin, et al. translation. Beijing: Science Press, 1988.[苏联科学院西伯利亚分院冻土研究所著. 普通冻土学[M].郭东信, 刘铁良, 张维信, 等译.北京: 科学出版社,1988.] [32] De Jong C. The contribution of condensation to the water cycle under high-mountain conditions[J].Hydrological Processes,2005, 19(12): 2 419-2 435. [33] Guo Zhanrong, Liu Jianhui. An overview on soil condensate in arid and semiarid regions in China[J].Arid Zone Research,2005, 22(4): 576-580.[郭占荣, 刘建辉. 中国干旱半干旱地区土壤凝结水研究综述[J]. 干旱区研究, 2005, 22(4): 576-580.] [34] Ninari N, Berliner P R. The role of dew in the water and heat balance of bare loess soil in the Negev Desert: Quantifying the actual dew deposition on the soil surface[J].Atmospheric Research,2002, 64: 323-334. [35] Kalthoft N, Fiebig-Wittmaack M, Meiβner C, et al. The energy balance, evapo-transpiration and nocturnal dew deposition of an arid valley in the Andes[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006, 65: 420-443. [36] Kang Ersi, Yang Xinyuan. Relationship between runoff and meteorological factors and runoff modelling in the source of Urumchi River Basin[C]//Shi Yafeng, ed. urumchi River Mountains Area Water Resource Formation and Estimate. Beijing: Science Press, 1992:148-165.[康尔泗, 杨新元. 乌鲁木齐河源区径流和气象要素变化关系及其模拟计算[C]//施雅风主编. 乌鲁木齐河山区水资源形成和估算. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992:148-165.] [37] Yang Zhenniang, Yang Zhihuai, Liang Fengxian, et al. Permafrost hydrological processes in Binggou Basin of Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1993, 15(2): 235-241.[杨针娘, 杨志怀, 梁凤仙, 等. 祁连山冰沟流域冻土水文过程[J]. 冰川冻土, 1993, 15(2): 235-241.] [38] Yang Xinyuan, Kang Ersi. Urumchi River Source Area Runoff process and temporal and spatial distribution[C]//Shi Yafeng, ed. Urumchi River Mountains Area Water Resource Formation and Estimate. Beijing: Science Press, 1992: 67-78.[杨新元, 康尔泗. 乌鲁木齐河源径流过程和时空分布[C]//施雅风主编. 乌鲁木齐河山区水资源形成和估算. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992: 67-78.] [39] Yang Zhihuai, Yang Zhenniang, Wang Qiang. Runoff analysis and estimation of the Binggou Basin in the Qilian Mountain[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1992,14(3): 251-257.[杨志怀, 杨针娘, 王强. 祁连山冰沟流域径流分析与估算[J]. 冰川冻土, 1992, 14(3): 251-257.] [40] Li Xinrong, Zhang Yuanming, Zhao Yunge. A study of biological soil crusts: Recent development/trend and prospect[J].Advances in Earth Science,2009, 24(1): 11-24.[李新荣, 张元明, 赵允格. 生物土壤结皮研究:进展、前沿与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2009, 24(1):11-24.] [41] Marsh P. Snowcover formation and melt: Recent advances and future prospects[J].Hydrological Processes,1990, 13: 2 117-2 134. [42] Woo M K. Arctic snow cover information for hydrological investigations at various scales[J].Nordic Hydrology,1998, 29: 245-266. [43] Kane D L, Hinzman L D, Benson C S, et al. Snow hydrology of a headwater arctic basin[J].Water Resources Research,1991, 27: 1 099-1 109. [44] Körner C. Alpine Plant Life: Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2003:27-86. [45] Yang Meixue, Yao Tandong, Gou Xiaohua. Diurnal freeze/thaw cycles of the ground surface on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2007, 52(1): 136-139. [46] Qian Hong. Floristic interrelations of the arctic and alpine tundras in eastern asia and western north America[J].Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,1993,31(1):1-16.[钱宏. 亚洲东部与北美西部(北极和高山) 冻原植物区系的联系[J]. 植物分类学报, 1993,31(1):1-16.] [47] Quinton W L, Carey S K, Goeller N T, et al. Snowmelt runoff from northern alpine tundra hillslopes: Major processes and methods of simulation[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2004, 8: 877-890. [48] Quinton W L, Marsh P. A conceptual framework for runoff generation in a permafrost environment[J].Hydrological Processes,1999, 13: 2 563-2 581. [49] Carey S K, Woo M K. Slope runoff processes and flow generation in a subarctic, subalpine environment[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001, 253: 110-129. [50] Geyger E. Untersuchungen zum Wasserhaushalt der Vegetation im Nordwestargentinischen Andenhochland[M].Berlin: Dissertationes Botanicae,1985:106-146. [51] Gold W G, Bliss L C. The nature of water limitations for plants in a high arctic polar desert[C]//Callaghan T V, ed. Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystems Research Report 10. Brussels: European Commission, 1995:149-155. [52] Liu Guangxiu, Ma Xiaojun, Chen Tuo, et al. Progress and significance of studies on microor ganisms in permafrost sediments[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004, 26(2): 188-191.[刘光琇, 马晓军, 陈拓, 等. 冻土微生物研究进展与意义[J]. 冰川冻土,2004, 26(2): 188-191.] [53] Lipson D A, Schmidt S K. Seasonal changes in an Alpine soil bacterial community in the Colorado Rocky Mountains[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004, 70: 2 867-2 879. [54] Xin Mingxiu, Zhou Peijin. Advance of research for microbial life in low temperature environments[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,1998, 38(5):400-403.[辛明秀, 周培瑾. 低温微生物研究进展[J]. 微生物学报, 1998, 38(5):400-403.] [55] Zhang Jiaen, Hu Shuangxi. The development and evolution of landscape in front of Alpine Glacier—A case study from the front area of No.1 Glacier in Tianshan Mountain[J].Arid Zone Research,1997, 14(4): 38-43.[章家恩, 胡双熙. 高山冰川前缘地带景观生态的发育与演替——以天山1号冰川前缘为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 1997, 14(4): 38-43.] [56] Gounot A M, Russell N J. Physiology of cold adapted microorganism[C]//Margesin R, et al, eds. Cold-adapted Organisms: Ecology, Physiology, Enzymology and Molecular Biology. Berlin: Springer, 1999:33-55. [57] Yang Daqun. Phylogenetic Diversity and Distribution of Microorganisms in the Tianshan Mountains[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2008.[杨大群. 天山冷环境中微生物系统多样性及分布特征的研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2008.] [58] Sheng Hongmei. Diversity and Spacial Distribution of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Subnival Plants in Upper Reaches of Urumchi River[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2006.\[盛红梅. 乌鲁木齐河源区冰缘植物内生细菌多样性及其空间分布特征研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2006.] [59] Shang Zhanhuan, Ding Lingling, Long Ruijun, et al. Relationship between soil microorganisms, above-ground vegetation, and soil environment of degraded alpine meadows in the headwater areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2007, 16(1): 34-40.[尚占环, 丁玲玲, 龙瑞军, 等. 江河源区退化高寒草地土壤微生物与地上植被及土壤环境的关系[J]. 草业学报, 2007, 16(1): 34-40.] [60] Zhang Xiaojun, Yao Tandong, Ma Xiaojun, et al. Analysis of characteristics of microorganisms packed in the ice core of Malan Glacier[J].Science in China (Series D),2001, 31 (suppl.): 295-299.[张晓君, 姚檀栋, 马晓军, 等. 马兰冰川:一支深冰芯中微生物特征的分析[J]. 中国科学:D辑, 2001, 31(增刊): 295-299.] [61] Yang Sizhong, Jin Huijun, Wei Zhi, et al. Microbial adaptation to the habitat of permafrost and their responses to global change and engineering disturbance in cold regions: Advances and Prospects[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(2): 279-285.[杨思忠, 金会军, 魏智, 等. 微生物对冻土生境的适应以及对全球变化和寒区工程扰动的响应: 进展与展望[J]. 冰川冻土,2007,29(2): 279-285.] [62] Liu Guangxiu, Hu Changqin, Zhang Jingbo, et al. Microbial communities in permafrost of the Tibetan plateau and their significance[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2001, 23(4): 419-422.[刘光琇, 胡昌勤, 张靖溥, 等. 青藏高原多年冻土微生物的分离分析及其意义[J]. 冰川冻土, 2001, 23(4): 419-422.] [63] Chen Guichen, Peng Min, Huang Rongfu, et al. Vegetation characheristics and its distribution of Qilian Mountain region[J].Acta Botanica sinica,1994, 36(1): 63-72.[陈桂琛, 彭敏, 黄荣福, 等. 祁连山地区植被特征及其分布规律[J]. 植物学报, 1994, 36(1): 63-72.] [64] Li Yingnian, Zhao Xinquan, Cao Guangmin, et al. Analyses on climates and vegetation productivity backgroundat Haibei Alpine Meadow ecosystem research station[J].Plateau Meteorology,2004, 23(4): 558-567.[李英年, 赵新全, 曹广民, 等. 海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站气候、植被生产力背景的分析\[J\]. 高原气象, 2004, 23(4): 558-567.] [65] Zhang Jinxia, Cao Guangmin. The nitrogen cycle in an Alpine meadow ecosystem[J].Acta Ecologica sinica,1999, 19(4): 509-512.[张金霞, 曹广民. 高寒草甸生态系统氮素循环[J]. 生态学报, 1999, 19(4): 509-512.] [66] Li Yibing, Yi Hua, Yang Gaihe, et al. Biodiversity in the source regions of the Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2007,15(2):193-196.[李轶冰, 易华, 杨改河, 等. 江河源区生物多样性问题研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2007,15(2):193-196.] [67] Price M F, Barry R G. Climate change[C]//Messerli B, et al, eds. Mountains of the World. New York: The Parthenon Publishing Group, 1997:409-445. |