北方农牧交错带的地理界定及其生态问题

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.05.0739

我国北方农牧交错带主要分布于降水量300～450 mm，干燥度 1～2的内蒙古高原南缘和长城沿线，其东界和南界为黑龙江的龙江、安达，吉林的乾安和长岭，辽宁的康平、阜新，河北的丰宁、淮安，山西的浑源、五寨，陕西神木、榆林，甘肃环县，宁夏同心；其西界和北界为内蒙古的陈巴尔虎旗、乌兰浩特、林西、多伦、托克托、鄂托克和宁夏盐池。行政区划涉及 9省106个旗（县市），总面积654564km²。全区耕地总面积804.69万hm²，人均占有耕地 0.32hm²，农、林、牧用地比例为 1.0∶1.17∶3.67。主要生态问题为：沙漠化急剧发展、可利用土地资源锐减；草地退化、沙化、盐渍化严重，承载力急剧下降；生态环境恶化，自然灾害频繁。其原因除了受自然不利因素影响和现代人为强烈干扰外，还有沙漠化的历史烙印、现代农牧交错带的北移错位和经济地理三大原因。该区的退化生态治理应注意：大部分地区要逐步用榆、柳、松、杏等乡土树种取代高耗水肥的杨树树种，采取以灌木为主的乔灌草结合的带状造林方式，建立类似原生植被的人工疏林草原植被，充分发挥其生态屏障作用。农业应以发展灌溉农业和保护型农业为主攻方向，改变生产经营方式，大力提高生产水平、防止土地沙漠化。

关键词: 农牧交错带, 生态问题, 地理界定, 空间分布, 中国北方

North Agro-pasture zigzag zone located mainly in south edge on Inner Mongolia plateau and area along the line of Great Wall, the boundaries of east and south part are Lonjing, Anda, Qian'an, Changling, Kangping, Fuxin, Fengning, Huai'an, Hunyuan, Wuzai, Shenmu,Yulin and Huanxian, and that of west and north are Chenbaerhu, Wulanhaote, Linxi, Duolun, Tuoketuo, Etuoke and Yanchi.It involves 9 provinces and 106 counties that total area is 654 564 km² and total population is 3135.6×10⁴ and average density of population per km² is 47.9 and ratio among farmland and woodland and pasture is 1.0∶1.17∶3.67. In recent tens years, There are some ecological problems in the zone inclusing desertification developing rapidly and land resources and its bearing capacity decreasing sharply and eco-environment worsening obviously and natural calamity appearing frequently. The causes of formation, expecting for natural harmful factors and artificially strong disturbance, includes yet the history brand of desertification and northern moving of the zigzag zone in recent hundred years and economic geography. Degeneration eco-environment control in the zone should pay attention to replace poplar by local tree species progressively and to adopt banding afforestation ways combined with tree and shrub and grass.To establish a artificia1 steppe vegetation with scattered trees and to make its eco-barrier affects well.

Key words: Agro-pasture zigzag zone, Boundary line, Eco-environment, North China.

中图分类号:

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摘要

BOUNDARY LINE ON AGRO-PASTURE ZIGZAG ZONE IN NORTH CHINA AND ITS PROBLEMS ON ECO-ENVIRONMENT