中国北方沙尘灾害影响因子分析

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.04.0350

地球科学进展 ›› 2007, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 350 -356. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.04.0350

所属专题： “沙尘天气追因、影响及治理”虚拟专刊；

中国北方沙尘灾害影响因子分析

范一大 ^1,2，史培军 ¹，周涛 ¹，李仪 ²

1.北京师范大学资源学院，北京 100875；2.中国民政部国家减灾中心，北京 100053

收稿日期:2006-06-27 修回日期:2007-02-16 出版日期:2007-04-10
通讯作者: 范一大（1968-），男，内蒙古呼和浩特人，副研究员，博士，主要从事自然灾害与风险管理研究.E-mail：fanyida@ndrcc.gov.cn E-mail:fanyida@ndrcc.gov.cn
基金资助:
科技部社会公益项目“国家重大自然灾害风险管理及预警体系研究”（编号：2005DIB3J013）；国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“干旱化及其阶段性转折对我国粮食、水和土地资源安全的影响及其适应对策”（编号：2006CB400505）共同资助.

The Impact Factor Analysis of Dust Storm Disaster in Northern China

FAN Yi-da ^1,2, SHI Pei-jun ¹, ZHOU Tao ¹, LI Yi ^2

1.College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Beijing 100053, China

Received:2006-06-27 Revised:2007-02-16 Online:2007-04-10 Published:2007-04-10

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利用中国北方1951—2000年188个沙尘暴代表站的气象观测数据和1983—2000年EROS数据中心NDVI数据，对我国北方沙尘灾害的影响因子进行了分析。主要结论有：①在影响沙尘暴发生、发展、演化的自然因子中，植被覆盖度、降水、大风日数和温度起关键作用，夏季植被覆盖度对来年春季沙尘暴发生频次影响较大，降水和温度主要表现在对地表植被覆盖等与沙尘暴有关的地表参数的影响；②大风日数和温度是沙尘暴形成的动力因子，植被覆盖度和降水是阻力因子。沙尘暴日数和持续时间的变化，主要取决于动力因子与阻力因子的综合作用；③遏制沙尘灾害的治本办法，不在于治理沙尘暴本身，而在于消除产生土地退化、生态安全下降的社会原因，处理好发展与生态环境建设的关系。

关键词: 沙尘暴, 灾害, 动力因子, 阻力因子, 中国北方

Based on data (1951-2000) from the 188 meteorological observation stations and the NDVI data (1983-2000) from EROS data center from1983 to 2000, the authers analyzed the impact factors of dust storm in northern China, and arrived at the main conclusions as follows: (1) Among the natural factors which affect the occurrence, development and evolution of dust storm, vegetation coverage, precipitation, windy days and temperature play a critical role. The summer vegetation coverageaffects the occurrence frequency of the following spring season. Precipitation and temperature have direct impact on the dust storm related groundparameters such as vegetation coverage. (2) Windy days and temperature are composed of the impetus factors of dust storm, and vegetationcoverage and precipitation are the main resistance factors. The changes of the dust storm days and duration mainly depend on theintegrated affection of the impetus factors and the resistance factors. (3) The fundamental measures to reduce dust storm disaster is not to deal with dust storm itself, but to eliminate the social impact which caused land and ecological degradation and to achieve the harmony development among social, economic and eco-environmental construction.

Key words: Dust storm disaster, Impetus factors, Resistance factors, Nothern China.

中图分类号:

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