中国特别重大自然灾害损失统计的最新进展——《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》解析
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doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2015.05.0530

以《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》（简称《统计制度》）主要执笔人的视角,详细阐述了制度的主要内容、蕴含的科学问题和未来研究方向。《统计制度》报表和指标设计在与现有国家标准保持一致、历经汶川地震等多次重特大灾害实践检验完善、充分吸收相关行业部门意见和建议、适用于多灾种与灾害链损失统计、实用于灾后恢复重建规划编制等方面均体现出其权威性与最新性,《统计制度》具备科学性、综合性、实用性和动态性等特征。《统计制度》在推进特别重大自然灾害损失综合评估、启发涉灾行业部门开展专项深入研究、引领地方建立相关制度等方面具有极大潜力。

关键词: 特别重大自然灾害, 实用性, 指标体系, 损失统计, 科学性

From the perspective of leading authors of “Statistical system of largescale natural disasters damage and loss” (SS-LNDD&L), this article elaborated on the main contents, scientific issues and research fields in the future of the SS-LNDD&L. SS-LNDD&L defined the starting conditions, forms of organization, the statistical scope, main contents and time limit, which had the scientific, comprehensive, practical and dynamic features. There were five new advances in statistics of large-scale natural disaster damage and loss based on the SS-LNDD&L. ①SS-LNDD&L had the coordination with relevant national standards of “Classification and code for natural disaster bearing bodies”, and “Classification and code for national industry” and so on. ②SS-LNDD&L was improved by the several large-scale disasters, such as the Wenchuan Earthquake, Yushu Earthquake, Zhouqu flash flood and landslide, Lushan Earthquake and some tables and indices were added, deleted or revised based on the local households’experiences. ③SS-LNDD&L was established based on many advices and suggestion from more than 30 agencies of National Disaster Reduction Committee and some tables and indices were recommended by the agencies. ④SS-LNDD&L could be applied to many sudden disasters, such as the flood, typhoon, earthquake, landslide, snow, tsunami and so on. Especially, multi-hazards and disaster chain’s damage and loss also could be covered by this statistics system. ⑤SS-LNDD&L was an important and practical support material for post disaster restoration and reconstruction planning; for example, the tables and indices from the SS-LNDD&L were used in the “The State Overall Planning for Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction” and “Overall Planning for Post-Lushan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstructio”.Otherwise, SS-LNDD&L provided legal basis for carrying out comprehensive assessment of large-scale natural disaster loss and will have great potential to carry out the special in-depth studies of disaster related industry sectors and lead the local relevant departments to establish the correlative statistical systems.

Key words: Loss statistics, Scientificity, Large-scale natural disaster, Indicator system, Practicality.

中图分类号:

P954

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摘要

New Advances in Statistics of Large-scale Natural Disasters Damage and Loss: Explanation of “Statistical System of Large-scale Natural Disasters”