干旱区植被生态需水理论研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.02.0193

综述了植被生态需水的概念及其内涵，评价了植被生态需水的主要研究理论——生态适宜性理论、系统阈值理论、水文循环水量平衡理论、农业气象学理论，评析了各种理论在实践应用中的优缺点。指出在未来的植被生态需水研究中应加强生态体系健康标准建立、定量评价指标体系的数值模拟模型构建，研究中还必须注重植被生态需水的时空特性，充分利用“3S”技术手段和先进的科学试验设备，全方位、多角度获取不同研究区域的基础信息，为建立植被生态需水理论提供可靠的数据支撑。

关键词: 植被生态需水, 生态适宜性理论, 系统阈值理论, 水文循环水量平衡理论

Based on a synthesis of the literatures on Ecological water requirement of vegetation (EWRV), the conceptions and meanings of EWRV were systematically reviewed in this paper. The Ecological appropriate theory, the system threshold theory, the water cycle-balance theory and the agro-meteorology theory were introduced in detail at the beginning of the paper, and then their corresponding advantages and disadvantages in the practical application were also examined. It was also pointed out that researches about healthy standards of ecological system; multidisciplinary research; numerical simulation model of EWRV in quantitative evaluated index system should be intensified in the future. At the same time, future research will be focused on spatial-temporal characteristic of EWRV. In order to provide a great deal of reliable data for the theory research of EWRV, the basic databases of different regions must be obtained at various orientations and angles by using “3S” technology and advanced equipment.

Key words: Ecological water requirement, Vegetation, The ecological appropriate theory, The system threshold theory, The water cycle-balance theory.

中图分类号:

[1] Zheng Dongyan，Xia Jun，Huang Youbo，et al. Discussion on research of ecological water demand [J]. International Journal Hydroelectric Energy，2002，20（3）:3-6.[郑冬燕，夏军，黄友波，等.生态需水量估算问题的初步探讨[J].水电能源科学，2002，20（3）:3-6.]

[2] Tang Jie，She Xiaoyun，Lin Nianfeng，et al. Advances in researches on the theories and methods of eco-environmental water demand [J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica，2005，25（3）:367-373.[汤洁，佘孝云，林年丰，等.生态环境需水的理论和方法研究进展[J].地理科学，2005，25（3）:367-373.]

[3] Yan Denghua，He Yan，Wang Hao，et al. Review of effect of the ecohydrological process on water environment [J]. Advandes in Water Science，2005，16（5）:747-752.[严登华，何岩，王浩，等.生态水文过程对水环境影响研究述评[J].水科学进展，2005，16（5）:747-752.]

[4] Tang Qicheng. The development in oases and rational use of water resource [J]. Journal of Land Resource and Environment，1995，9（3）:107-111.[汤奇成.绿洲的发展与水资源的合理利用[J].干旱区资源与环境，1995，9（3）:107-111.]

[5] Jia Baoquan，Xu Yingqin. The conception of the eco-environmental water demand and its classification in arid land—Taking Xinjiang as an example [J]. Arid Land Geography，1998，21（2）: 8-12.[贾宝全，许英勤.干旱区生态用水的概念和分类[J].干旱区地理，1998，21（2）:8-10.]

[6] Liu Changming，Chen Yongqin，Li Lijuan，et al. 21 Century New Problem，Technology，Method of Hydrological Science in China [M]. Beijing: Science Press，2001.[刘昌明，陈永勤，李丽娟，等.21世纪中国水文科学研究的新问题新技术和新方法[M].北京:科学出版社，2001.]

[7] Zhao Wenzhi，Chang Xueli，He Zhibin，et al. Study on ecological water requirement of desert oasis vegetation in Ejina area [J].Science in China（Series D），2006，36（6）:559-566.[赵文智，常学礼，何志斌，等.额济纳荒漠绿洲植被生态需水量研究[J].中国科学：D辑，2006，36（6）:559-566.]

[8] Huang Yilong，Chen Liding，Fu Bojie，et al. Assessment on vegetation ecological water consumption in gully catchments of loess plateau [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2005，19（2）:152-155.[黄奕龙，陈利顶，傅伯杰，等.黄土丘陵小流域植被生态用水评价[J].水土保持学报，2005，19（2）:152-155.]

[9] Wang Fang，Liang Ruiju，Yang Xiaoliu，et al. A study of ecological water requirements in Northwest China Part I: Theoretical analysis [J]. Journal of Natural Resources，2002，17（1） :1-81.[王芳，梁瑞驹，杨小柳，等.中国西北地区生态需水研究（1）——干旱半干旱地区生态需水理论分析[J].自然资源学报，2002，17（1）:1-8.]

[10] Min Qingwen，He Yongtao，Li Wenhua，et al. Estimation of forests’ ecological water requirement based on agro meteorology: Taking Jinghe watershed as an example [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica，2004，24 （10）:2 131-2 135.[闵庆文，何永涛，李文华，等.基于农业气象学原理的林地生态需水量估算[J].生态学报，2004，24（10）:2 131-2 135.]

[11] Zhang Yuan，Yang Zhifeng. Minimum ecological water requirement of forestland in Huang-huai-hai Area [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2002，16（2）:72-75.[张远，杨志峰.黄淮海地区林地最小生态需水量研究[J].水土保持学报，2002，16（2）:72-75.]

[12] He Yongtao，Min Qingwen，Li Wenhua，et al. Progress and perspectives on ecological water requirement of vegetation [J]. Resources Science，2005，27（4）:8-12.[何永涛，闵庆文，李文华. 植被生态需水研究进展及展望[J].资源科学，2005，27（4）:8-12.]

[13] Zhao Wenzhi，Cheng Guodong. Review of some problems of the ecohydrological process in arid area [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin，2001，46（22）:1 851-1 857.[赵文智，程国栋.干旱区生态水文过程研究若干问题评述[J].科学通报，2001，46（22）:1 851-1 857.]

[14] Xia Jun，Zheng Dongyan，Liu Qing'e，et al. Study on evaluation of eco-water demand in northwest china [J]. Hydrology，2002，22 （5）: 12-17.[夏军，郑东燕，刘青蛾，等.西北地区生态环境需水估算的几个问题探讨[J].水文，2002，22（5）:12-17.]

[15] Liang Ruiju，Wang Fang，et al. Ecological water demand in northwest China [C]∥China Water Resources Institute 2000 Learning annual Meeting Study Corpus，2001：71-76.[梁瑞驹，王芳，等.中国西北地区的生态需水[C]∥中国水利学会2000年学术年会论文集，2001:71-76.]

[16] Mackenzie A，Ball A S，Virdee S R. Instant Notes in Ecology [M]. Beijing: Science Press，2002:11-17.

[17] Cheng Guodong，Zhao Chuanyan. Study on ecological water demand in arid area of Northwestern China [J]. Advances in Earth Science，2006，21（11）:1 101-1 108.[程国栋，赵传燕. 西北干旱区生态需水研究[J].地球科学进展，2006，21（11）:1 101-1 108.]

[18] Zuo Qiting. Study on vegetation ecological use for water resources in arid and semiarid region [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2002，16 （3）: 114-117.[左其亭.干旱半干旱地区植被生态用水计算[J].水土保持学报，2002，16（3）:114-117.]

[19] Cheng Huanhuan，Rao Biyu. Review of eco-environmental water demand [J]. Water Resources Protection，2006，22（3）:43-46. [成换换，饶碧玉. 生态环境需水量研究综述[J].水资源保护，2006，22（3）:43-46.]

[20] Zhang Li，Dong Zengchuan，Zhao Bin. Method for estimating ecological water requirement of natural vegetation in arid area [J]. Advances in Water Science，2003，14（6）:745-748.[张丽，董增川，赵斌.干旱区天然植被生态需水量计算方法[J].水科学进展，2003，14（6）:745-748.]

[21] Zhang Li，Dong Zengchuan. A study on ecology water requirement and its prediction of natural vegetation in the Lower Heihe River Basin [J]. Water Resources Planning and Design，2005，2:44-48.[张丽，董增川.黑河流域下游天然植被生态需水及其预测研究[J].水利规划与设计，2005，2:44-48.]

[22] Bao Weifeng，Huang Jiesheng，Yu Fuliang. Research on calculation methods of ecological water requirement for region [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2005，19（5）: 139-142.[鲍卫锋，黄介生，于福亮.区域生态需水量计算方法研究[J].水土保持学报，2005，19（5）:139-142.]

[23] Si Jianhua，Gong Jiadong，Zhang Bo. The primary estimation of water demand for the eco-environment in arid regions [J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment，2004，18（1）:49-53.[司建华，龚家栋，张勃.干旱地区生态需水量的初步估算——以张掖地区为例[J].干旱区资源与环境，2004，18（1）:49-53.]

[24] Wang Genxu，Cheng Guodong. Water demand of ecosystem and estimate method in arid inland river basin [J]. Journal of Desert Research，2002，22（2） : 129-134.[王根绪，程国栋.干旱内陆流域生态需水量及其估算——以黑河流域为例[J].中国沙漠，2002，22（2）:129-134.]

[25] Chen Shaofeng，Niu Wenyuan，Yang Duogui. The multiple-dimensional threshold sin sustainable development [J]. China Population，Resources and Environment，2001，11（1）:25-29.[陈劭锋，牛文元，杨多贵.可持续发展的多维临界[J].中国人口·资源与环境，2001，11（1）:25-29.]

[26] Xu Xinyi，Yang Zhifeng. On ecological water demand [J]. Water Resources Planning and Design，2003，（1）:21-26.[许新宜，杨志峰.试论生态环境需水量[J].水利规划与设计，2003，（1）:21-26.]

[27] Chen Y X. Environmentology [M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press，2001.

[28] Su Xiaoling，Kang Shaozhong. Concept of ecological water requirement and its estimation method [J]. Advances in Water Science，2003，14（6）:740-744.[粟晓玲，康绍忠.生态需水的概念及其计算方法[J].水科学进展，2003，14（6）:740-744.]

[29] Yang Zhifeng，Cui Baoshan，Liu Jingling.On estimate method of eco-environmental water demand and example [J]. Science in China（Series D），2004，34（11）:1 072-1 082.[杨志峰，崔宝山，刘静玲.生态环境需水量评估方法与例证[J].中国科学:D辑，2004，34（11）:1 072-1 082.]

[30] Feng Huali，Xia Jun，Che Zhansheng. Advances on ecological and environmental water requirement research [J]. Progress in Geography，2003，22（6）:591-598.[丰华丽，夏军，车占生.生态环境需水研究现状和展望[J].地理科学进展，2003，22（6）:591-598.]

[31] Zheng Hongxing，Liu Changming，Feng Huali. On concepts of ecological water demand [J]. Advances in Water Science，2004，15（5）:626-633.[郑红星，刘昌明，丰华丽.生态需水的理论内涵探讨[J].水科学进展，2004，15（5）:626-633.]

[32] Wei Guo，He Junshi，Wu Liqiang. Research on the calculating method eco-environmental water demand [J]. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science，2006，34（17）:4 386-4 388.[魏国，何俊仕，武立强.生态环境需水计算方法研究[J].安徽农业科学，2006，34（17）:4 386-4 388.]

[33] Feng Huali，Zheng Hongxing，Cao Yang. On theories and methodologies of ecological water demand estimation [J]. Journal of Nanjing Xiaozhuang College，2005，21（5）:50-55.[丰华丽，郑红星，曹阳.生态需水计算的理论基础和方法探析[J].南京晓庄学院学报，2005，21（5）:50-55.]

[34] Wang Genxu，Liu Guimin，Chang Juan. Review on some issues of ecohydrology research at the watershed scale [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica，2005，25（4）:892-903.[王根绪，刘桂民，常娟.流域尺度生态水文研究评述[J].生态学报，2005，25（4）:892-903.]

[35] Liu Changming. The Strategic Research on Water Resources Scheme Eco-environment Construct and Sustainable Development in Northwest China [M]. Beijing: Science Press，2004:125-140.[刘昌明主编.西北地区水资源配置生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究[M].北京:科学出版社，2004:125-140.]

[36] Liu Lei，Xia Jun，Feng Huali. Preliminary discussion on the ecological water demand of terrene system [J]. Chinese Rural Water Conservancy and Hydro-Electricity，2005，（2）:32-34.[刘蕾，夏军，丰华丽.陆地系统生态需水量计算方法初探[J].中国农村水利水电，2005，（2）:32-34.]

[37] Wang Fang，Wang Hao，Chen Minjian，et al. A study of ecological water requirements in Northwest China Part II: Application of remote sensing and GIS [J]. Journal of Natural Resources，2002，17（2）:129-137.[王芳，王浩，陈敏建，等.中国西北地区生态需水研究（2）——基于遥感和地理信息系统技术的区域生态需水计算及分析[J].自然资源学报，2002，17（2）:129-137.]

[38] Dai Fenggang，Cai Huanjie，Zhang Xin，et al. Analysis of ecological water demands in arid in land river basins in Northwest China [J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas，2004，22（3）:148-153.[代锋刚，蔡焕杰，张鑫，等.西北干旱内陆河流域生态需水量理论初探[J].干旱地区农业研究，2004，22（3）:148-153.]

[39] Feng Xiuzao，Tao Bingyan，et al. A Principle of Agro-meteorology [M]. Beijing: Meterology Press，1991.[冯秀藻，陶炳炎等编.农业气象学原理[M].北京:气象出版社，1991.]

[40] Han Xiangling. Agro Climatology [M].Taiyuan: Shanxi Science and Technology Press，1999. [韩湘玲主编.农业气候学[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社，1999.]

[41] Zhang Jinsong，Meng Ping，Yin Changjun. Review on methods of estimating evapotranspiration of plants [J]. World Forestry Research，2001，14（2）:23-27.[张劲松，孟平，尹昌君.植物蒸散耗水量计算方法综述[J].世界林业研究，2001，14（2）:23-27.]

[42] Yang Wenzhi，Shao Ming'an. A Study of Soil Moisture in Loess Plateau [M]. Beijing: Science Press，2000：67-85.[杨文治，邵明安. 黄土高原土壤水分研究[M].北京:科学出版社，2000:67-85.]

No related articles found!

阅读次数

全文

摘要

Advances on Theories of Ecological Water Requirements of Vegetation in Arid Area