数据同化算法在青藏高原高寒生态系统能量—水分平衡分析中的应用

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.09.0965

地球科学进展 ›› 2008, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (9): 965 -973. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.09.0965

所属专题：青藏高原研究——青藏科考虚拟专刊；

数据同化算法在青藏高原高寒生态系统能量—水分平衡分析中的应用

周剑 ^1,3,王根绪 ^1,2,李新 ¹,杨永民 ³,潘小多 ¹

1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，甘肃兰州 730000； 2. 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所，四川成都 610041；3. 兰州大学资源环境学院，甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2008-01-02 修回日期:2008-05-16 出版日期:2008-09-10
通讯作者: 周剑 E-mail:zhoujianmaomi@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“我国冰冻圈动态过程及其对气候、水文和生态的影响机理与适应对策”（编号：2007CB411504）；国家自然科学重点项目“典型山地水文生态系统水循环多尺度耦合的对比试验研究”（编号：40730634）资助.

Data Assimilation Algorithm Apply to Energy-Water Balance Analysis of the High Cold Ecosystem at Qinghai-Tibet Plain, Northwest China

Zhou Jian ^1,3,Wang Genxu ^1,2,Li Xin ¹,Yang Yongmin ³,Pan Xiaoduo ¹

1.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; 3. Resources and Environment Institute of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2008-01-02 Revised:2008-05-16 Online:2008-09-10 Published:2008-09-10

下载PDF ( 2040 )

位于青藏高原腹地的多年冻土地带，其冻融过程中的土壤含水量和土壤冻结深度的变化对气候强烈响应并产生显著的陆面能—水平衡变化，进而又对全球气候产生较大的反馈作用。为了能准确模拟这种变化，选取青藏高原多年冻土分布区的风火山左冒孔流域（长江源）进行了相关的野外数据采集和试验，以考虑土壤冻融影响的水—热耦合陆面过程模型——SHAW为动力学约束框架，验证集合卡尔曼滤波算法在改进模型对土壤冻融过程中土壤水分和冻土深度的计算效果。基于试验点的数据同化计算结果表明：数据同化方法可以融合观测信息显著提高水—热耦合模型对土壤冻融过程中状态变量（土壤水分和冻深）的模拟，并进而改善模型对其它相关能量—水分变量的计算，为在高寒冻土地区利用多源信息进行融合监测提供了理论依据。

关键词: 冻土, 土壤水分, 陆面数据同化, 陆面过程模型——SHAW, 集合卡尔曼滤波

The frozen soil region of many years located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plain hinterland, Changing of the Water content of soil during freeze-thaw process, intensely responds to climate change and brings remarkable change on land energy-water balance, then has the large feedback function to the global climate. In order to reveal this kind of change, we used the observation data from the wind volcano testing field system, selected water-heat coupling model SHAW as dynamics restraint frame, which consider the influence of snow cover & the vegetation cover & the forest flooring to the soil freezing and thawing, and improved SHAW forecast capacity to the soil moisture content and the frozen soil depth by Ensemble Kalman Filter of data simulation method. The analysis based on data assimilation theory indicate that the data assimilation method may remarkably enhance the forecasting ability of water-heat coupling model to state variables, and provide theory basis for monitor utilizing multiple source information in frozen soil area.

Key words: Frozen-soil, Soil moisture content, Land surface process model, Land data assimilation, Ensemble Kalman filter.

中图分类号:

P642.14

[1] Li Xin,Cheng Guodong. Review of model of the permafrost-climate model[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24（3）:315-321.[李新,程国栋.冻土—气候关系模型评述[J].冰川冻土,2002,24（3）:315-321.]

[2] Allison I,Barry R G,Goodison B E. Climate and Cryosphere（CliC） project science and coordination plan （version 1）[Z]. WCRP-114/WMO/TD No.1053,2001.

[3] Jin H J,Brown J. Great challenges of and innovative solutions to the unstable permafrost in central and high Asia under a warming climate[J]. Episodes,2007,30（1）:54-55.

[4] Daley R. Atmospheric Data Analysis[M]. New York:Cambridge University Press,1991:1-457.

[5] Talagrand O. Assimilation of observations,an introduction[J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,1997,75（1B）:191-209.

[6] Li Xin,Huang Chunlin,Che Tao,et al. The progress and outlook of China's land surface data assimilation system[J]. Progress in Nature Science,2007,17（2）:163-173.[李新,黄春林,车涛,等.中国陆面数据同化系统研究的进展与前瞻[J]. 自然科学进展,2007,17（2）:163-173.]

[7] England A W,DeRoo R. Active layer thickness and moisture content of arctic tundra from SVAT/Radiobrightness models and assimilated 1.4 or 6.9 GHz brightness[R]. Final Report of NSF Award,ID 0240747,2006.

[8] Flerchinger G N,Saxton K E. Simultaneous heat and water model of a freezing snow-residue-soil systemⅠ.theory and development[J]. Transactions of the ASAE,1989,32（2）:565-571.

[9] Nassar I N,Horton R,Flerchinger G N. Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in soil columns exposed to freezing/thawing conditions[J]. Soil Science,2000,165（3）:208-216.

[10] Zheng Xiuqing,Fan Guisheng,Xing Shuyan. Moisture Content Movement in Seasonal Non-saturated Freezing and Thawing Soil[M]. Beijing: Geological Press,2002.[郑秀清,樊贵盛,邢述彦. 水分在季节性非饱和冻融土壤中的运动[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.]

[11] Yang K,Koike T,Ye B,et al. Inverse analysis of the role of soil vertical hetero-geneity in controlling surface soil state and energy partition[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2005,110,D08101,doi:10.1029/2004JD005500.

[12] Fuchs M,Campbell G S,Papendick R I. An analysis of sensible and latent heat flow in a partially frozen unsaturated soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1978,42（3）:379-385.

[13] Evensen G. Sequential data assimilation with a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic model using Monte-Carlo methods to forecast error statistics[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99（C5）:10 143-10 162.

[14] Evensen G.The ensemble Kalman filter: Theoretical formulation and practical implementat-ion[J]. Ocean Dynamics,2003,53:343-367.

[15] Burgers G,van Leeuwen P J,Evensen G. Analysis scheme in the ensemble Kalman filter[J]. Monthly Weather Review,1998,126:1 719-1 724.

[16] Houtekamer P L,Mitchell H L. Data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter technique[J]. Monthly Weather Review,1998,126:796-811.

[17] Houtekamer P L,Mitchell H L.A sequential ensemble Kalman filter for atmospheric data assimilation[J]. Monthly Weather Review,2001,129:123-137.

[18] Keppenne C L.Data assimilation into a primitive-equation model with a parallel ensemble Kalman filter[J]. Monthly Weather Review,2000,128:1 971-1 981.

[19] Mitchell H L,Houtekamer P L. An adaptive ensemble Kalman filter[J]. Monthly Weather Review,2000,128:416-433.

[20] Whitaker J S,Hamill T M. Ensemble data assimilation without perturbed observations[J]. Monthly Weather Review,2002,130:1 913-1 924.

[21] Brusdal K,Brankart J M,Evensen G,et al. A demonstration of ensemble-based assimilation methods with a layered OGCM from the perspective of operational ocean forecasting systems[J]. Journal of Marine Systems,2003,40/41:253-289.

[22] Reichle R H,Entekhabi D. Downscaling of radio brightness measurements for soil moisture estimation: A four-dimensional variational data assimilation approach[J]. Water Resources Research, 2001,37（9）:2 353-2 364.

[23] Reichle R H,Walker J P,Koster R D,et al. Extended versus ensemble filtering for land data assimilation[J]. Journal of hydrometeorology,2002,3:728-740.

[24] Reichle R H,McLaughlin D B,Entekhabi D. Hydrologic data assimilation with the ensemble Kalman filter[J]. Monthly Weather Review,2002,130:103-114.

[25] Moradkhani H,Sorooshian S,Gupta H V,et al. Dual state-parameter estimation of hydrolog-ical models using ensemble kalman filter[J]. Advances in Water Resources,2005,28:135-147.

[26] Zhou Jian,Li Xin,Wang Genxu,et al. Coupled land surface process pattern SIB2 with the unsaturated seepage model and its application[J]. Advances in Earth Science,2008,23（6）:570-579.[周剑,李新,王根绪,等.陆面过程模式SIB2与包气带入渗模型的耦合及其应用[J].地球科学进展,2008,23（6）:570-579.]

[1]	兰爱玉, 林战举, 范星文, 姚苗苗. 青藏高原北麓河多年冻土区阴阳坡地表能量和浅层土壤温湿度差异研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(9): 962-979.
[2]	贾诗超,张廷军,范成彦,刘琳,邵婉婉. InSAR技术多年冻土研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(7): 694-711.
[3]	张富贵, 周亚龙, 孙忠军, 方慧, 杨志斌, 祝有海. 中国多年冻土区天然气水合物地球化学勘探技术研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(3): 276-287.
[4]	李欣泽, 金会军, 吴青柏, 魏彦京, 温智. 北极多年冻土区埋地输气管道周边温度场数值分析[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(1): 69-82.
[5]	李欣泽,金会军,吴青柏. 多年冻土区天然气管道压气站失效情境下应对方案研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(11): 1127-1136.
[6]	胡利民,石学法,叶君,张钰莹. 北极东西伯利亚陆架沉积有机碳的源汇过程研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(10): 1073-1086.
[7]	李欣泽,金会军. 多年冻土区天然气管道工程：技术挑战和应对方案[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(11): 1131-1140.
[8]	冉有华,李新. 中国多年冻土制图：进展、挑战与机遇[J]. 地球科学进展, 2019, 34(10): 1015-1027.
[9]	牛富俊, 王玮, 林战举, 罗京. 青藏高原多年冻土区热喀斯特湖环境及水文学效应研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(4): 335-342.
[10]	孙志忠, 马巍, 穆彦虎, 刘永智, 张淑娟, 王宏磊. 青藏铁路沿线天然场地多年冻土变化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(3): 248-256.
[11]	令锋, 张廷军. 热卡斯特湖对多年冻土热状况长期作用的数值模拟研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(2): 115-130.
[12]	赵文智, 周宏, 刘鹄. 干旱区包气带土壤水分运移及其对地下水补给研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(9): 908-918.
[13]	马巍, 穆彦虎, 谢胜波, 毛云程, 陈敦. 青藏高速公路修筑对冻土工程走廊的热力影响及环境效应[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(5): 459-464.
[14]	邵明安, 贾小旭, 王云强, 朱元骏. 黄土高原土壤干层研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(1): 14-22.
[15]	高江波, 吴绍洪, 戴尔阜, 侯文娟. 西南喀斯特地区地表水热过程研究进展与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(6): 647-653.

阅读次数

全文

摘要