氮氧同位素在河流硝酸盐研究中的应用

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2007.12.1251

多年来，世界各地河流普遍存在硝酸盐污染问题。为控制河流的硝酸盐污染，确定河水中硝酸盐的来源以及研究氮的循环过程就显得尤为重要。由于在不同成因下，硝酸盐的δ¹⁵N和δ¹⁸O存在着较大差异，因此利用氮、氧同位素方法研究河流硝酸盐问题正日益受到国内外研究人员的重视。综述了用硝酸盐中氮、氧同位素来研究河流硝酸盐的不同来源(大气沉降、化肥、牲畜粪、土壤硝酸盐等)和示踪其地球化学循环过程，特别是反硝化过程，这两方面的研究进展，并对我国河流硝酸盐研究现状进行了讨论及提出今后的研究方向。 

关键词: 硝酸盐, 氮同位素, 氧同位素, 河流

Nitrate pollution has become a serious problem for many years in many rivers of the world. Differentiation of various nitrate sources and knowledge of nitrogen cycling processes occurring in river systems are very important to establish suitable methods for controlling nitrate pollution. Since δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O values vary in different sources of nitrate, more and more researchers attach great importance to the application of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in riverine nitrate studies. This review summarizes recent trends in the study of distinguishing different sources of nitrate (atmospheric deposition, fertilizer, animal waste, nitrification in soils, etc.) and tracing nitrogen cycling processes, especially denitrification, in river systems by the means of isotope analysis of nitrate. The review also gives a discussion on the study of nitrate in Chinese rivers and proposes some prospects for further studies.

Key words: N isotope, River, Nitrate, O isotope

中图分类号:

P332.7

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摘要

The Application of Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in the Study of Nitrate in Rivers