金沙江龙街段晚更新世以来的阶地发育与河谷地貌演化

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.039

地球科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 431 -440. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2020.039

构造地貌学专栏上一篇

金沙江龙街段晚更新世以来的阶地发育与河谷地貌演化

刘芬良 ¹(

),高红山 ²(

),李宗盟 ³,潘保田 ²,苏怀 ⁴

^1.湖南城市学院地理信息科学系，湖南益阳 413000
^2.兰州大学资源环境学院西部环境教育部重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000
^3.信阳师范学院地理科学学院，河南信阳 464000
^4.云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院，云南昆明 650500

收稿日期:2020-01-30 修回日期:2020-03-18 出版日期:2020-04-10
通讯作者: 高红山 E-mail:gaohsh@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“祁连山中段山体隆升扩展及其对水系演化的影响”(41730637);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究“冰—河—湖演化历史事件与耦合过程”（编号：2019QZ‐KK0205）资助

Terraces Development and Their Implications for Valley Evolution of the Jinsha River Since Late Pleistocene near Longjie, Yunnan

Fenliang Liu ¹( ),Hongshan Gao ²( ),Zongmeng Li ³,Baotian Pan ²,Huai Su ⁴

^1.Department of Geographic Information System Science, Hu'nan City University, Yiyang Hu'nan 413000, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
^3.School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang He'nan 464000, China
^4.College of Tourism and Geography Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2020-01-30 Revised:2020-03-18 Online:2020-04-10 Published:2020-05-08
Contact: Hongshan Gao E-mail:gaohsh@lzu.edu.cn
About author:Liu Fenliang (1987-), male, Yiyang City, Hu'nan Province, Lecturer. Research areas include fluvial geomorphology. E-mail: fenliangliu@126.com
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Uplift and expansion of the middle Qilian Mountains and its influence on the evolution of drainage system”(41730637);The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) “Historical events and coupling process of ice-river-lake evolution” (No. 2019QZ‐KK0205)

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河流阶地是研究现代河谷形成发育的重要地貌标志。通过野外考察，发现在元谋龙街附近金沙江发育了5级河流阶地，其中T1~T4以龙街组湖相沉积为基座，T5以基岩为基座。电子自旋共振测年结合前人研究结果表明T1、T2、T3、T4和T5分别形成于（18±1.7） ka、（23±1.4） ka、（26±2.4） ka 、（29±1.4） ka和（78±12） ka，标志着晚更新世以来金沙江在该区进行了5次下切过程和1次强烈的加积过程。晚更新世以来由于滑坡堵江事件的扰动，河谷的发育形式以“下切—滑坡—堰塞—堆积—下切”过程为主。

关键词: 河流阶地, 河谷发育, 金沙江, 龙街

The drainage evolution and valley development of the Jinsha River is an important issue constantly concerned by researchers in geology and geomorphology. Despite hundreds of years of research, there is a big dispute on the formation time and the evolution process of the fluvial valley. Fluvial terraces are very important geomorphic markers for studying the formation and evolution of the fluvial valley. Through field investigation combined with Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) dating, we confirmed that 5 fluvial terraces were formed, and then preserved, along the course of the Jinsha River near the Longjie, which are all strath terraces. Among them, T5 developed on the base rock, with an age of (78±12) ka; all T4~T1 developed on the lacustrine sediments, named Longjie Group by Chinese, with an age of (29±1.4) ka, (26±2.4) ka, (23±1.4) ka, (18±1.7) ka, respectively. Compared with the global and regional climate change history, the terraces are all the result of the river responding to the climate change. T5 formed at MIS 5/4, and T4~T1 formed at the period of regional climate fluctuation. The relationship of terraces and the Longjie Formation, combined with sedimentary characteristics analysis demonstrate that the Longjie Formation is landslide dammed lake sediment. The landslide and blocking events.seriously influenced the valley evolution, inhibiting the river incising, and making the valley evolution defer to the mode of “cut-landside-damming-fill-cut” in the period of Late Pleistocene. Synthesized studies of the terraces and the correlative sediments indicate that the formation of the Jinsha River valley may have begun in the late Early Pleistocene.

Key words: Fluvial terrace, Valley landform evolution, Jinsha River, Longjie.

中图分类号:

P931.1

图1 金沙江龙街段的地形及龙街组湖相地层的分布

Fig.1 Schematic map showing the topography and the spatial distribution of the lacustrine sediments named Longjie Formation in Longjie section of the Jinsha River

表1 金沙江龙街段河流阶地 ESR年代及相关参数

Table 1 ESR ages and related parameters of Jinsha River in Longjie

测年部位	测年物质	采样深度/m	U/(μg/g)	TU/(μg/g)	K₂O/%	含水量/%	古剂量/Gy	年剂量/(Gy/ka)	年龄/ka
T1	砾石层砂	2.0	1.47	8.47	1.48	1.76	44.9±4.4	2.53	18±1.7
T2	砾石层砂	1.5	2.01	7.16	1.58	1.05	61.9±3.7	2.68	23±1.4
T3	砾石层砂	0.5	1.67	8.91	1.56	0.28	71.7±6.6	2.73	26±2.4
T5	砾石层砂	1.0	1.78	10.60	1.60	2.29	223.0±34.0	2.85	78±12.0

表1 金沙江龙街段河流阶地 ESR年代及相关参数

Table 1 ESR ages and related parameters of Jinsha River in Longjie

测年部位	测年物质	采样深度/m	U/(μg/g)	TU/(μg/g)	K₂O/%	含水量/%	古剂量/Gy	年剂量/(Gy/ka)	年龄/ka
T1	砾石层砂	2.0	1.47	8.47	1.48	1.76	44.9±4.4	2.53	18±1.7
T2	砾石层砂	1.5	2.01	7.16	1.58	1.05	61.9±3.7	2.68	23±1.4
T3	砾石层砂	0.5	1.67	8.91	1.56	0.28	71.7±6.6	2.73	26±2.4
T5	砾石层砂	1.0	1.78	10.60	1.60	2.29	223.0±34.0	2.85	78±12.0

图2 龙街附近金沙江阶地的空间展布

Fig.2 The spatial distribution of the Jinsha River terraces near Longjie

图3 龙街附近金沙江的河谷横断面以及阶地的野外照片
断面位置和野外照片的拍摄位置如图2所示

Fig.3 Cross section of the Jinsha River valley showing the terrace sequences and field photographs near the Longjie
Location of the cross section and location of the filed photographs are shown in Fig.2

图4 龙街附近金沙江河谷的堆积和下切阶段与区域^{[

58
,

59
]}和全球气候指标^{[

57
]}的对比

Fig.4 Comparison of aggradation and incision phases in the Jinsha River valley near the Longjie with regional^{[

58
,

59
]} and global^{[

57
]} climate proxies

图5 晚更新世以来龙街附近金沙江河谷的发育形式

Fig.5 The evolution model of the Jinsha River valley near the Longjie since the Late Pleistocene

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[1]	陶亚玲, 常宏. 长江第一湾附近构造作用下的河流地貌演化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(5): 488-501.

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