青藏高原地震前CO的排放与卫星热红外增温异常

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.05.0505

地球科学进展 ›› 2005, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (5): 505 -510. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2005.05.0505

所属专题：青藏高原研究——青藏科考虚拟专刊；

青藏高原地震前CO的排放与卫星热红外增温异常

姚清林,强祖基,王弋平

中国地震局地质研究所，北京 100029

收稿日期:2004-01-06 修回日期:2004-09-20 出版日期:2005-05-25
通讯作者: 姚清林
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“用卫星热红外图像分析海洋、石油、气体水合物富集带”（编号：49871063）资助.

CO RELEASE FROM THE TIBETAN PLATEAU BEFORE EARTHQUAKES AND INCREASING TEMPERATURE ANOMALY SHOWING IN THERMAL INFRARED-IMAGES OF SATELLITE

YAO Qinglin; QIANG Zuji; WANG Yiping

(Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China)

Received:2004-01-06 Revised:2004-09-20 Online:2005-05-25 Published:2005-05-25

下载PDF ( 1288 )

地震前卫星热红外图像的亮温异常与地球的排气作用有关。由于以往仅在个别点上对CO₂、CH₄等气体取样或监测，对这些温室气体震前排放的范围缺乏足够的了解。用美国EOS卫星携带的MOPITT探测仪资料，获得了2000年4月30日CO在青藏高原大面积逸出的情况，图像显示CO含量异常升高的区域具形状不规则的圈层结构，累计长度约3 200 km，总面积约267万km²，其CO体积分数值内高外低，体积分数最大的区域（31×10^-8≥φ(CO)>27×10^-8）大致呈EW向分布，长约800 km，宽约280 km，面积约22.41万km²。整个CO逸出区[WTBX]φ[WT](CO)为2002年正常值的1.57～4.10倍，与从卫星热红外图像上发现的2000年4月29~30日在青藏高原上的大面积多处孤立升温有较好的一致性，且这种CO逸出的现象至少在2000年4月30日之前的数天内是持续存在的，它们都是2000年6月6日甘肃景泰Ms 5.9地震及2000年6月8日缅甸北部Ms 6.9地震的前兆。这一方面说明，气—热震兆机理是有实际依据的，同时也反映了青藏高原上空臭氧层空洞或低值中心的出现可能与CO气体在高空中的不断氧化有关。

关键词: CO, 升温;地震前兆, 卫星遥感, 青藏高原

The anomaly of increasing temperature which can show in thermal infrared images of satellite before earthquakes relates to the gases release from the crust. Because the gases such as CO₂ and CH₄ were monitored or sampled only on a few sites, scope of the gases release before earthquakes were not understood enough. From MOPITT data of America EOS satellite, we found a largescale discharge of CO from the Tibetan Plateau on April 30, 2000 (before it, CO continuously released at least for some days). The image shows that the area with abnormally higher CO content bears circle structure with irregular forms, its accumulative length and area respectively were about 3200 km and 2.67×10⁶ km², and volume percentage of CO is higher in inner circles than that in outer ones. The region with the largest CO volume percentage (31×10^-8≥φ(CO)＞27×10^-8) distributes roughly in EW direction with the length about 800km, width about 280 km, and area about 22.41×10⁴km². [WTBX]φ[WTBZ](CO) in the anomaly area was about 1.57~4.10 times the normal value observed in January, 2002. This phenomenon has a good coherence with large-scale temperature increase on several sites of the Tibetan Plateau from April 29 to 30, 2000. All of them are precursors of the earthquake with Ms 5.9 at Jingtai, Gansu province, June 6, 2000 and that with Ms 6.9 in the north of Burma, June 8, 2000. This means that gases-hot mechanism of earthquake precursors is truthfulness, and low value center of ozone over Tibetan plateau may relate to oxidation of CO in the upper air.

Key words: CO, Temperature, Earthquake precursors, Satellite remote sensing, Tibetan plateau.

中图分类号:

P315.72+8

[1]Qiang Zuji, Kong Lingchang, Wang Yiping, et al . Gases release from the crust, thermal infrared anomaly and earthquake activities[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1992, 37(24):2 259-2 262.[强祖基,孔令昌,王弋平.等.地球放气、热红外异常与地震活动[J].科学通报,1992, 37(24):2 259-2 262.]
[2]Qiang Zuji, Kong Lingchang, Guo Manhong, et al . An experimental study on temperature increasing mechanism of satellitic thermo-infrared[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 1997, 19(2):197-201.[强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,1997, 19(2):197-201.]
[3]Qiang Zuji, Xu Xiudeng, Lin Changgong. Satellitic thermal infrared anomaly-precursor of impending earthquakes[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1990, 35(17):1 324-1 327.[强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常——临震前兆[J].科学通报,1990, 35(17):1 324-1 327.]
[4]Hao Jianguo. Near Earth surface anomalies of the atmospheric electric field and earthquakes[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 1988, 10(2)：206-211.[郝建国.近地表大气电场异常与地震[J].地震学报,1988, 10(2)：206-211.]
[5]Qiang Zuji, Lin Changgong, Zhao Yong, et al . Instantaneous crust movement and impending earthquake-prediction[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 1995, 2(1~2):213-224.[强祖基,赁常恭,赵勇,等.瞬时地壳运动与地震短临预报[J].地学前缘,1995, 2(1~2):213-224.]
[6]Qiang Zuji, Lin Changgong, Li Lingzhi, et al . Satellitic thermal infrared brightness temperature anomaly image-short-term and impending earthquake precursors[J]. Science in China(D), 1998, 28(6):564-573.[强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝,等.卫星热红外图像亮温异常——短临震兆[J].中国科学Ｄ辑,1998, 28(6):564-573.]
[7]Geng Naiguang, Cui Chengyu, Deng Mingde. Remote sensing observation in the rock rupture experiment and beginning of remote sensing rock mechanics[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 1992, 14(suppl.): 645-652.[耿乃光,崔承禹,邓明德.岩石破裂实验中的遥感观测与遥感岩石力学的开端[J].地震学报,1992, 14(增刊): 645-652.]
[8]Geng Naiguang, Yu Ping, Deng Mingde, et al . The simulated experimental studies on cause of thermal infrared precursor of earthquakes[J]. Earthquake, 1998,18(1):83-86.[耿乃光,于萍,邓明德,等.热红外震兆成因的模拟试验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83-86.]
[9]Yin Jingyuan, Fang Zongfei, Qian Jiadong, et al . Research on the application of infrared remote sencing in earthquake prediction and its physical mechanism[J]. Earthquake Research in China, 2000,16(2)：140-148.[尹京苑,房宗绯,钱家栋,等.红外遥感用于地震预测及其物理机理研究[J]中国地震,2000,16(2)：140-148.]
[10]Che Yongtai, Yu Jinzi, Liu Wuzhou. Dynamic monitoring of degassing of the crust and prediction of the Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake of magnitude 6.2[J]. Geological Review, 1999, 45(1):59-65.[车用太,于金子,刘五洲.地壳放气动态监测与张北—尚义Ms 62级地震预报[J].地质论评,1999, 45(1):59-65.]
[11]Huang Fulin, Zhang Xunhua, Xia Xianghua, et al . Distribution of methane and its homologues in low-layer atmosphere over eastern China and seas[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1998, 43(16): 1 767-1 771.[黄福林,张训华,夏响华,等.中国东部和海域低层大气甲烷及其同系物分布[J].科学通报,1998, 43(16): 1 767-1 771.]
[12]Lu Zhenquan, Qiang Zuji, Wu Bihao. A tentative interpretation of the formation of high temperature anomaly in Satellite based Thermal Infrared Scanning Images (STISI) of the South China Sea before earthquake[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 2002, 23(1): 42-46.[卢振权,强祖基,吴必豪.南海临震前卫星热红外增温异常原因初探[J].地球学报,2002, 23(1): 42-46.]
[13]Zhou Xiuji, Luo Chao, Li Weiliang, et al . Change of gross ozone value in China and low value center of ozone over Tibetan Plateau [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1995, 40(15): 1 396-1 398.[周秀骥,罗超,李维亮,等.中国地区臭氧总量变化及青藏高原低值中心[J].科学通报,1995, 40(15): 1 396-1 398.]

[1]	田静. 大气 CO₂浓度增加对中国区域植被蒸腾的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2021, 36(8): 826-835.
[2]	周卫健,吴书刚,熊晓虎,程鹏,王鹏,侯瑶瑶,牛振川,杜花,陈宁,卢雪峰,付云翀,刘林. 我国城市大气化石源 CO₂的 ¹⁴C示踪研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(9): 881-889.
[3]	张晓辉,彭亚兰,黄根华. 南海碳源汇的区域与季节变化特征及控制因素研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2020, 35(6): 581-593.
[4]	安艳玲, 吕婕梅, 罗进, 吴起鑫, 秦立. 赤水河流域岩石化学风化及其对大气CO ₂的消耗[J]. 地球科学进展, 2018, 33(2): 179-188.
[5]	方家松, 李江燕, 张利. 海底CORK观测30年:发展、应用与展望[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(12): 1297-1306.
[6]	田彪, 丁明虎, 孙维君, 汤洁, 王叶堂, 张通, 效存德, 张东启. 大气CO研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2017, 32(1): 34-43.
[7]	汪燕敏, 祁第, 陈立奇. 南大洋酸化指标——海水文石饱和度变异的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(4): 357-364.
[8]	李琦, 宋然然, 匡冬琴, 卢绪涛, 李小春. 二氧化碳地质封存与利用工程废弃井技术的现状与进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(3): 225-235.
[9]	药瑛, 孙樯. 应用于流体包裹体CO ₂碳同位素组成的拉曼光谱定量研究探讨[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(10): 1032-1040.
[10]	崔月菊, 杜建国, 李营, 刘雷, 周晓成, 陈扬, 陈志, 韩晓昆. 张渤地震带高光谱气体地球化学特征[J]. 地球科学进展, 2016, 31(1): 59-65.
[11]	罗志波. 阿拉善地块早前寒武纪大陆地壳的形成与演化[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(8): 878-890.
[12]	黄思静, 李小宁, 武文慧, 张萌, 胡作维, 刘四兵, 黄可可, 钟怡江. 显生宙海相碳酸盐高 δ ¹³C时期的古海洋学[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(11): 1185-1197.
[13]	杨扬, 马劲风, 李琳. CO ₂地质封存四维多分量地震监测技术进展[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(10): 1119-1126.
[14]	王江海, 孙贤贤, 徐小明, 吴酬飞, 彭娟, 袁建平. 海洋碳封存技术：现状、问题与未来[J]. 地球科学进展, 2015, 30(1): 17-25.
[15]	蔡福, 明惠青, 纪瑞鹏, 冯锐, 米娜, 赵先丽, 张玉书. 玉米冠层辐射传输参数优化对陆气通量模拟的影响[J]. 地球科学进展, 2014, 29(5): 598-607.

阅读次数

全文

摘要