地球科学进展

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 179 -188. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.02.0179

研究论文 上一篇    下一篇

赤水河流域岩石化学风化及其对大气CO 2的消耗
安艳玲 1, 2( ), 吕婕梅 2, 3, 罗进 3, 吴起鑫 2, 3, 秦立 2   
  1. 1.贵州理工学院,贵州 贵阳 550002
    2.贵州大学喀斯特环境与地质灾害防治重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550025
    3.贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州 贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-09 修回日期:2017-12-01 出版日期:2018-02-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“典型喀斯特小流域/溪流系统水—气界面CO 2释放研究”(编号:42603123);贵州省科技合作基金项目“赤水河流域水土流失过程氮、磷输出对水环境污染研究”(编号: 黔科合LH字[2016]7457号)资助

Chemical Weathering and CO 2 Consumption of Chishuihe River Basin, Guizhou Province

Yanling An 1, 2( ), Jiemei Lü 2, 3, Jin Luo 3, Qixin Wu 2, 3, Li Qin 2   

  1. 1.Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550002, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
    3.College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • Received:2017-08-09 Revised:2017-12-01 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-04-02
  • About author:

    First author:An Yanling (1975-), female, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Professor. Research areas include water environment of river basin.E-mail:20170792@git.edu.cn

  • Supported by:
    Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “CO 2 emissions across typical karst stream and river surfaces:A case study at the upper reaches of Maotiaohe”(No.42603123);The Foundation of Guizhou Province “The influence of water and soil erosion process to output of nitrogen and phosphorus at Chishui River”No.Qiankehe LH[2016]7457)
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岩石风化碳汇是全球碳汇的重要组成部分,通过对赤水河流域水体主要离子组成进行测定,分析赤水河流域河水水化学特征及其岩石风化过程对大气CO2的消耗。结果表明:赤水河流域离子组成以Ca2+,Mg2+,HC和S O 4 2 - 为主,河水总溶解性固体(TDS)含量均值为317.88 mg/L,高于全球流域均值(65 mg/L)。元素比值分析表明赤水河流域离子组成主要受岩石风化控制,其中碳酸盐岩风化为主导控制因素,碳酸盐岩、硅酸盐岩对河水溶质贡献率分别为70.77%和5.03%。人类活动和大气降水对流域河水溶质的贡献很小。流域岩石化学风化速率为126.716 t/(km2·a),高于黄河、长江、乌江及世界河流均值。流域岩石化学风化对大气CO2的消耗量为10.96×109 mol/a,岩石风化对大气CO2消耗速率为5.79×105 mol/(km2·a),与长江流域接近,高于黄河流域。

关键词: CO2消耗, 化学风化, 水化学, 赤水河

Carbon sink produced during rock weathering is critical to global carbon cycles. In this work, we analyzed the major ion chemistry of the Chishuihe River Basin, and the major ion composition of the Chishuihe River system and the principal component analysis was applied for estimating the weathering rate and atmospheric CO2 consumption via the rock chemical weathering. The results demonstrated that the chemical composition of the river was dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+, HC and S. The average concentration(317.88 mg/L) of the total dissolved solids within the Chishuihe River was higher than the average value (65 mg/L) of world rivers. The Gibbs graph combining major ion element ratio analysis indicated that the catchment major ion composition mainly originated from rock weathering, primarily from carbonate weathering, sparsely from silicate weathering. Carbonate and silicate weathering contributed 70.77% and 5.03% separately to the dissolved loads. The anthropogenic and precipitation impact was limited. According to calculation based on principal component and the ion composition characteristics, the chemical weathering rate was 126.716 t/(km2·a), significantly higher than that of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, and also higher than the average rate of the global major rivers. The CO2 consumption flux based on annual average runoff was 10.96×109 mol/a, and the CO2 consumption rate by chemical weathering was 5.79×105 mol/(km2·a).

Key words: CO2 consumption, Chemical weathering, Water chemistry, Chishuihe River.

中图分类号: 

图1 赤水河流域水系图
Fig.1 The river system distribution of Chishui River Basin
图2 赤水河流域河水Na +/Cl -与TDS关系图
Fig.2 Plots of Na +/Cl - vs. TDS for the river water of Chishui River Basin in dry and wet seasons
图3 赤水河流域河水Gibbs图
Fig.3 The Gibbs plot of the river water of Chishui River Basin
图4 赤水河丰水期河水样品主要阳、阴离子三角图
Fig.4 Ternary diagrams of anions and cations in river water of Chishui River Basin in wet season
图5 赤水河枯水期河水样品主要阳、阴离子三角图
Fig.5 Ternary diagrams of anions and cations in river water of Chishui River Basin in dry season
图6 赤水河流域丰水期Mg 2+/Na +-Ca 2+/Na +及HC/Na +-Ca 2+/Na +关系图
Fig.6 Plots of Ca 2+/Na + vs. Mg 2+/Na +, and Ca 2+/Na + vs. HC/Na + ratios for the river water of Chishui River Basin in wet season
图7 赤水河流域枯水期Mg 2+/Na +-Ca 2+/Na +及HC/Na +-Ca 2+/Na +关系图
Fig.7 Plots of Ca 2+/Na + vs. Mg 2+/Na +, and Ca 2+/Na + vs. HC/Na + ratios for the river water of Chishui River Basin in dry season
图8 赤水河流域2(Ca 2++Mg 2+)/HC与2S O 4 2 - /HC当量比值的关系
Fig.8 Plots of HC vs. 2(Ca 2++Mg 2+), and 2S O 4 2 - vs. HC for the river water of Chishui River Basin in dry and wet seasons
表1 赤水河流域河水主成分因子分析载荷矩阵
Table 1 Component loadings of the Chishui River Basin water chemistry calculated in terms of the principal component analysis
变量 因子1 因子2 因子3 公共性方差
Na+ 0.744 0.362 0.221 0.733
K+ 0.916 0.064 0.109 0.855
Mg2+ 0.818 0.354 0.095 0.802
Ca2+ 0.423 0.858 0.148 0.936
Cl- 0.788 0.305 0.028 0.714
S 0.195 0.959 -0.012 0.957
HC 0.858 0.226 0.030 0.787
SiO2 0.119 0.060 0.988 0.994
方差贡献率/% 45.586 25.775 13.374 84.734
表2 不同岩性和大气对赤水河河水化学组成物质的贡献率与世界、国内流域平均值的比较(单位:%)
Table 2 Compare Chishui River Basin chemistry weathering rates with other rivers in the world and China(unit:%)
来源 碳酸盐 硅酸盐 蒸发岩 大气CO2 其他因素
赤水河 70.77 5.03 — 20.10 4.10
长江 46.9 12.9 13.1 19.6 2.65
黄河 41.9 3.23 44.7 10.2 —
乌江 32.9 1.65 41.8 23.6 —
世界河流 35 15 11 37 2.0
表3 赤水河流域岩石化学风化碳汇与其他地区河流比较
Table 3 Chishuihe River Basin rocks chemical weathering carbon sink comparing with other rivers in the world and China
河流 大气CO2消耗速率
/(×105 mol/(km2·a))		 大气CO2的消耗量
/(×109 mol/a)
赤水河 5.79 10.96
长江[ 15 , 33 ] 6.11 1 104.00
乌江[ 31 ] 9.02 79.28
黄河[ 33 ] 1.44 108.00
赣江[ 31 ] 4.09 34.13
西江[ 31 ] 8.32 282.90
东江[ 34 ] 4.84~4.93 7.65~7.79
全球流域平均值[ 15 ] 2.46 24 000.00
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