内孤立波悬浮海底沉积物研究进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.02.0166

地球科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 166 -178. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2018.02.0166

内孤立波悬浮海底沉积物研究进展

田壮才 ^1, ²(

), 郭秀军 ^1, ^3, ^*(

), 余乐 ¹, 贾永刚 ^1, ^2, ³, 张少同 ^1, ², 乔路正 ⁴

1.山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛 266100
2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛 266061
3.海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛 266100
4.山东省城乡建设勘察设计研究院,山东济南 250031

收稿日期:2017-10-08 修回日期:2018-01-05 出版日期:2018-02-20
通讯作者: 郭秀军 E-mail:zhuangcaitian@163.com;guojunqd@ouc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大科研仪器研制项目“复杂深海工程地质原位长期观测设备研制”(编号:41427803);国家自然科学基金项目“近海浅层气电阻率成像法探测技术研究”(编号:41772307)资助

Review of the Seabed Sediment Resuspension by Internal Solitary Wave

Zhuangcai Tian ^1, ²( ), Xiujun Guo ^1, ^3, ^*( ), Le Yu ¹, Yonggang Jia ^1, ^2, ³, Shaotong Zhang ^1, ², Luzheng Qiao ⁴

1.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao Shandong 266100, China
2.Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266061, China
3.Key Laboratory of Marine Environment & Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Shandong 266100, China
4.Shandong Province Urban and Rural Construction Investigation and Design Institute, Ji’nan 250031, China

Received:2017-10-08 Revised:2018-01-05 Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-04-02
Contact: Xiujun Guo E-mail:zhuangcaitian@163.com;guojunqd@ouc.edu.cn
Supported by:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Development Projects Regarding Major Scientific Research Instruments “In-situ Surveying Equipment of Engineering Geology in complex deep sea (SEEGeo) ”(No.41427803);The National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on electrical resistivity tomography detection technology of offshore shallow gas”(No.41772307);First author:Tian Zhuangcai(1991-), male, Shangqiu City, He’nan Province, Ph;D student;Research areas include marine geology and environmental geotechnical engineering;E-mail:zhuangcaitian@163;com

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内孤立波是存在于层结海洋内部的非线性、大振幅波动,其强劲的垂向和水平运动以及破碎导致的涡旋和湍流作用,对海洋环境、海底沉积物和海洋工程产生重要的影响。围绕内孤立波作用下沉积物再悬浮的发生过程,对前人开展的大量研究工作及取得的研究成果进行了系统分析与总结,从内孤立波向岸传播的破碎机制、悬浮沉积物模式以及引起的海床动力响应进行评述,并分析内孤立波悬浮沉积物判定理论和对海底的作用,对目前研究工作中尚未解决的问题进行总结。该工作对于系统深入认识内孤立波引起的海底沉积物再悬浮发生过程,以及对海底底形的改造能力具有重要价值,为进一步研究内孤立波对海洋生态环境动力过程及深海沉积过程提供借鉴。

关键词: 内孤立波, 破碎机制, 沉积物, 动力响应, 再悬浮

Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs) are nonlinear, large amplitude motions of the interface between two fluids with different densities in the stratified ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal current velocity, and the vortex, turbulent mixing caused by breaking, they affect marine environment, seabed sediment and man-made structures in the ocean. In the paper, we systematically analyzed and summarized the ISW-induced shoaling break mechanisms, models of suspension, and seabed dynamical response. Then, we discussed the ISW-induced sediment resuspension criteria, forming bottom and intermediate nepheloid layer and the capacity to suspend sediments in the seabed, and further put forward the unsolved problems based on the conducted work and related achievements. In shallow seas with complex terrain variations, shoaling can cause ISWs to deform, break, and split. Studies on the propagation of ISWs of depression over sloping topography have shown that an adverse pressure gradient causes the rotation of the flow separation, which produces vortices, and this results in global instability of the boundary layer and ISW burst. The separation vortices increase the bottom shear stress, vertical velocity, and near-bottom Reynolds stress, which leads to sediment resuspension and transport in the flow and vortex core. Although episodic, ISW-induced resuspension is hypothesized to be important enough to shape the topography. Shoaling ISWs may erode, resuspend and transport mud-like sediments, first towards shore by boluses, and subsequently offshore through the generation of intermediate nepheloid layers. Shoaling ISWs might be an important mechanism of muddy sediment dispersal along continental shelves. Furthermore, recent hypotheses suggest that sediment mobilization and transport caused by internal waves in general, and ISWs in particular, may be at the origin of some sedimentary structures found in the sedimentary rock record and also the hummocky-cross stratification. Observed on-shelf propagating frontal ISW most likely interacts with the sand waves, sediment waves or sand dunes. ISWs contribute to their generation, as they are trailed by considerable shear-induced turbulence and high-frequency internal waves close to the buoyancy frequency. This work is of great value for further understanding the process of ISW-induced sediment resuspension, transportation, and the capacity to suspend sediments in the seabed. It helps further study of the dynamic process of marine ecological environment dynamic process by ISW and the deep sea sedimentation process.

Key words: Internal solitary waves, Shoaling break, Sediment, Dynamical response, Resuspension.

中图分类号:

P751

图1 世界范围内孤立波分布图 ^{[

3
]}

Fig.1 Distribution of internal solitary waves in the world ^{[

3
]}

图2 南海北部陆坡观测到内孤立波悬浮海底沉积物形成200 m厚的雾状层 ^{[

25
]}

Fig.2 ISWs resuspend the seabed sediment and form the nephloid layer to nearly 200 m in the slope of northern South China Sea ^{[

25
]}

图3 南海内孤立波传播路径 ^{[

23
]}

Fig.3 The processes of propagation of ISW in the South China Sea ^{[

23
]}

图4 内孤立波破碎过程示意图
(a)对流不稳定 ^{[

43
]};(b)剪切不稳定 ^{[

46
]}

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of ISW breaking
(a) Convective instability ^{[

43
]}. (b) Shear instability ^{[

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]}

图5 涡应力和湍流破裂示意图 ^{[

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]}

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of eddy-stress and turbulent bursting ^{[

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图6 沿斜坡的水流和涡旋共同悬浮沉积物示意图 ^{[

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]}

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of sediment resuspension by the bottom current and vortex ^{[

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图7 涡流环示意图 ^{[

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Fig.7 Schematic diagram of the vortex motion ^{[

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]}

图8 表面波、内波的双层流体系统与海床互相作用示意图 ^{[

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]}

Fig.8 Two-layer fluid wave, ISW-seabed interaction on a porous infinite thickness seabed ^{[

64
]}

图9 双层流体内孤立波与海床互相作用示意图 ^{[

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]}

Fig.9 Two-layer fluid ISW-seabed interaction on a porous infinite thickness seabed ^{[

68
]}

图10 内孤立波破碎过程沉积物颗粒受力示意图

Fig.10 Stress distributions of sediment particle in the ISW breaking process

图11 内孤立波悬浮沉积物的输运趋势 ^{[

35
,

55
]}

Fig.11 Transport trend of suspended sediment by ISW ^{[

35
,

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]}

图12 南海北部内孤立波、沙丘和海底冲蚀沟分布区 ^{[

25
,

88
,

95
]}

Fig.12 Distribution of ISW, sand wave and scour channels in the northern South China Sea ^{[

25
,

88
,

95
]}

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