地球科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 763 -772. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.070

水生关键带有机碳循环过程:从分子水平到全球尺度 上一篇    

海域沉积物蠕动地貌的研究现状与展望
吴晓川 1, 2( ),欧阳黎明 1, 2,郭晓中 1, 2,黄焱羚 1, 2,黄振华 1, 2,李伟 3   
  1. 1.页岩气勘探开发国家地方联合工程研究中心,重庆地质矿产研究院,重庆 401120
    2.自然资源部 页岩气资源勘查重点实验室,重庆地质矿产研究院,重庆 401120
    3.边缘海与大洋 地质重点实验室,中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东 广州 510301
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-27 修回日期:2021-05-29 出版日期:2021-07-10
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室开放基金项目“东沙群岛周缘海底蠕变褶皱的位态及不稳定性分析”(OMG2019-08);国家自然科学基金面上项目“南海北部珠江口盆地海底蠕变区的形成机理及不稳定性研究”(41876054)

Review and Prospect of the Geomorphology of Sediment Creep in Sea Areas

Xiaochuan WU 1, 2( ),Liming OUYANG 1, 2,Xiaozhong GUO 1, 2,Yanling HUANG 1, 2,Zhenhua Huang 1, 2,Wei Li 3   

  1. 1.National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Shale Gas Exploration and Development,Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chongqing 401120,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Exploration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chongqing 401120,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China
  • Received:2021-01-27 Revised:2021-05-29 Online:2021-07-10 Published:2021-08-20
  • About author:WU Xiaochuan (1991-), male, Chongqing City, Engineer. Research areas include seismogeology. E-mail: hsiaochuanwu@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:
    the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences "Geometric and instability analysis of submarine creep folds around Dongsha Islands"(OMG2019-08);The National Natural Science Foundation of China "Formation mechanism and instability analysis of a submarine creep zone in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea"(41876054)

沉积物蠕动是海底地层倾于发生破坏的前奏和指示,能够演变为大规模的海底滑坡,给海洋工程建设和人类生命安全带来巨大的威胁。目前发现的沉积物蠕动地貌主要发育在北半球,表现为槽脊相间的海底起伏。沉积物蠕动地貌的主要识别标志为槽脊形态的无规律变化与走向沿水深线延伸且槽脊内部发育剪切面等。地震活动、构造抬升、高沉积速率和地层压力、地层的含气性与水合物分解等均可导致沉积物蠕动地貌的形成。然而,在前人的研究过程中发现了诸多疑似沉积物蠕动地貌的起伏地形,证明或证伪这些起伏地形是否为沉积物蠕动地貌是目前研究的侧重点。沉积物蠕动的滑移变形速率、蠕动地层底界面及其与下伏构造的关系性、沉积物蠕动的形成过程和演变趋势等研究工作有助于进一步厘定沉积物蠕动地貌及其致灾等级,但这些工作还鲜有涉及。因此,后续沉积物蠕动地貌的研究应加强沉积物蠕动层底界面的刻画与表征,重视沉积物蠕动形成过程和演变趋势的数值模拟和物理模拟研究,为深入识别沉积物蠕动和评价其灾害等级提供重要的依据。

Sediment creep as the precursor and indicator of the destruction of the submarine stratum, which can evolve into a large-scale submarine landslide, poses a huge threat to marine engineering construction and human life safety. Sediment creep morphology is mainly found to develop in the northern hemisphere through literature sorting, which is manifested by seafloor undulations composed of troughs and ridges. The main identification marks of sediment creep morphology are irregular changes in the morphology of troughs and ridges and their strikes extend along the water depth line and shear planes offset the troughs and ridges. Seismic activity, structural uplift, high deposition rate and formation pressure, gas-bearing formation and hydrate decomposition, etc., can all lead to the occurrence of sediment creep. However, many seafloor undulations suspected of sediment creep have been discovered in the process of previous research. The majority current research focuses on how to prove or falsify if these seafloor undulations are sediment creep. The slip deformation rate and the bottom interface of creep and its relationship with the underlying structure, the study of the formation process and evolution trend of sediment creep, etc., help to further determine the sediment creep, but its disaster evaluation work is rarely involved. Therefore, subsequent studies on sediment creep should strengthen the delineation and characterization of the bottom interface of sediment creep, and pay attention to the numerical and physical simulation studies of the formation process and evolution trend of sediment creep, which could contribute to the deep understanding of sediment creep and provide important information for evaluation of its disaster level.

中图分类号: 

图1 海域沉积物蠕动区的分布(a)以及蠕动地貌 (b
蠕动区位置据参考文献[ 5 ~ 32 ]绘制
Fig. 1 Distribution of submarine creep zones a and the schematic diagram of creeping morphology b
The locations of creep zones based on references [5~32]
图2 世界范围内典型的沉积物蠕动地震剖面(据参考文献[ 12 14 18 22 26 31 ]修改)
(a)~(c)阿基坦陆缘处;(d)意大利海域;(e)和(f)里海地区;(g)北极海域;(h)和(i)南海珠江峡谷区沉积物蠕动剖面
Fig. 2 The marked sections of sediment creep in worldwide modified after references 121418222631])
(a)~(c) Aquitaine slopes; (d) Italian waters; (e) and (f) Caspian Sea; (g) Arctic waters; (h) and (i) Pearl River Canyons in the South China Sea
表1 已研究的沉积物蠕动的分布与特征
Table 1 Distributions and characteristics of studied sediment creep
表2 一些疑似沉积物蠕动的槽脊特征
Table 2 The features of certain ridges and troughs suspected of sediment creep
图3 由沉积物蠕动和沉积作用共同形成的海底起伏(据参考文献[ 37 ]修改)
(a)混合成因的海底起伏平面图;(b)混合成因的海底起伏地震剖面图
Fig. 3 The seafloor undulations formed by the combination of creeping and sedimentation modified after reference 37 ])
The plan view map (a) and section (b) of hybrid genetic undulations
图4 地震剖面槽脊分界面的视倾角与真倾角的比较(据参考文献[ 36 ]修改)
Fig. 4 Comparison of true dip and apparent dip of ridge-trough interface modified after reference 36 ])
图5 槽脊与下伏构造以及先存断裂分离错动的地质图示
(a)槽脊与下伏断裂的地质图示;(b)槽脊与下伏滑坡台阶的地质图示;(c)滑移引起的断裂分离错动的地质图示
Fig. 5 The diagram of the structure underlying the trough and ridge as well as vertical dislocated fault
(a) The diagram of trough and ridge with underlying fault; (b) The diagram of trough and ridge with underlying landslide step; (c) The diagram of vertical dislocated segment caused by fault
图6 含气地层蠕动变形的数值模拟图示
(a)地层含气模型;(b)蠕动初期位移状态;(c)蠕动初期应力状态
Fig. 6 The numerical modeling diagram of the creeping of gas-bearing strata
(a)A schematic model of the gas-bearing strata;(b)The total displacements at the initial stage of creeping;(c)The shear stresses stage at the initial stage of creeping
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