石英ESR法物源示踪:认识与进展

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.10.1062

地球科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1062 -1071. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2017.10.1062

石英ESR法物源示踪:认识与进展

魏传义 ^1, ²(

), 刘春茹 ^1, ^*(

), 李长安 ^2, ³, 尹功明 ¹, 李文朋 ¹, 赵举兴 ², 张增杰 ², 张岱 ², 孙习林 ^2, ⁴, 李亚伟 ²

1. 中国地震局地质研究所,地震动力学国家重点实验室,北京 100029
2.中国地质大学(武汉),地球科学学院,湖北武汉 430074
3.生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北武汉 430074
4. Cluster Geology and Geochemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

收稿日期:2017-04-06 修回日期:2017-08-15 出版日期:2017-12-20
通讯作者: 刘春茹 E-mail:weichuanyi@126.com;liuchunru0821@126.com
基金资助:
中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室2016年度自主课题“石英ESR法物源示踪在河流沉积物源示踪中的探讨及应用”(编号:LED2016A08);国家自然科学基金项目“江汉盆地宜昌冲积扇物源解析与区域地貌演化”(编号:41671011)资助.

Research Advances in ESR Provenance Tracing Methods of Quartz in Sediments

Chuanyi Wei ^1, ²( ), Chunru Liu ^1, ^*( ), Chang’an Li ^2, ³, Gongming Yin ¹, Wenpeng Li ¹, Juxing Zhao ², Zengjie Zhang ², Dai Zhang ², Xilin Sun ^2, ⁴, Yawei Li ²

1.State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China
2.School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Wuhan 430074, China
4.Cluster Geology and Geochemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received:2017-04-06 Revised:2017-08-15 Online:2017-12-20 Published:2017-10-20
Contact: Chunru Liu E-mail:weichuanyi@126.com;liuchunru0821@126.com
About author:
First author:Wei Chuanyi(1990-),male,Zibo City,Shandong Province,Ph.D student. Research areas include ESR dating method and sediment provenance tracing.E-mail:weichuanyi@126.com
Supported by:
Project supported by the Basic Scientific Research Fund, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration“Quartz ESR signals and its potential use in river sediments provenance tracing” (No. LED2016A08);The National Natural Science Foundation of China “Research on the formation of the Yangtze River Three Gorges through analysis of sediments provenance of Yichang Alluvial Fan” (No.41671011).

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石英ESR法物源示踪是一种新发展的沉积物源示踪方法。目前,用于沉积物源示踪研究的石英ESR信号心主要有热处理Eș心,自然Eș心、Al心和Ti心。从研究实例来看,热处理Eș心、是物源示踪研究运用最广泛和最成熟的;自然Eș心具有很好的应用前景;Al心和Ti心的物源示踪指示意义还处于实验观察和理论探索阶段。从研究对象来看,该方法已成功应用于东亚粉尘主要源区、黄土高原物源时空变化特征、日本群岛风成沉积物源时空变化特征及日本海沉积物源示踪的研究当中。此外,石英ESR法物源示踪在定量或半定量分析河流沉积物源示踪中也表现出了较好的应用前景。随着石英ESR测年技术的不断提高,该方法将在恢复区域性构造运动、地貌演化以及重建区域性的气候演化历史等方面具有独特的优势。

关键词: 石英, 电子自旋共振(ESR), 风成沉积物, 河流沉积物, 物源示踪

The ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) signals of quartz is a newly developed sediment provenance tracing method. In this paper, the various ESR signals in quartz, historical development of quartz ESR signals in sediment provenance tracing, thermal stability characteristics of heat treated Eș center, the potential use of quartz nature Eș center and the irradiated Al/Ti center, as well as successful applications in aeolian sediments, river sediments and marine sediments provenance tracing, were briefly reviewed.
The most useful ESR centers of quartz include the heat treated Eș center, the nature Eș center, the Al center and the Ti center. According to recent application researches, the heat-treated Eș center is the most commonly practiced among them while the significance of provenance tracing by Al and Ti centers are still in experimental and theoretical stage. Moreover, nature signal intensities of quartz Eș center not only show a significant dependence on lithology both in bedrocks and deposits, but also can reflect the mixture ratio of deposits with different types of sourced bedrocks.
As for the study objects, this method has been successfully used in the studies of provenance area of East Asian dust, the temporal and spatial changes of Loess Plateau provenance, the provenance change of aeolian sediment over time and space on Japanese Islands, as well as sediment provenance tracing of Japan Sea sediments. In addition, the ESR provenance tracing of quartz has promising application prospect in quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis of fluvial sediment provenance tracing. Along with the development of ESR dating, this method can significantly reflect and reconstruct the relationship among regional tectonic movements, geomorphic evolution, and climate evolution.
In future work, the combination of trace elements provenance tracing and ESR signals provenance tracing in quartz will help improve and promote the development of sediments provenance tracing methods.

Key words: Quartz, Electron Spin Resonance, Asian dust, Fluvial sediments, Provenance tracing.

中图分类号:

P512.2

图1 电子自旋共振顺磁中心
(a)常温测试 OH心、 Eș心、Ge 心;(b)低温测试 Al 心和 Ti 心(据参考文献[32,35,36]修改)

Fig.1 Electron spin resonance signal observed in the quartz sample
(a)Observed at room temperature; (b)Observed at low temperature (modified after references[32,35,36])

图2 石英 Eș心形成过程示意图(据参考文献[37~40]修改)
(a)正常石英晶体格架;(b)氧离子离开格点位置,形成氧空位;(c)氧空位捕获一个游离电子形成 Eș心;大圆表示硅离子,小圆表示氧离子,直线箭头表示电子

Fig.2 A model of formation of Eș center in quartz (modified after references[37~40])
(a)Normal lattice site;(b)Oxygen displaced leaving bare oxygen vacancy; (c) Eș centerformed by hole trapping of two electrons at bare oxygen vacancy;Large circles is silicon;Small circles is oxygen; The straight arrow represents the electron

图3 不同温度下花岗岩石英矿物ESR信号强度变化曲线(据参考文献[41]修改)
0~500 ℃范围内,Al心和Ti心的信号强度与温度成反比例关系;0~300 ℃范围内, Eș心信号强度与温度成正比;300~500 ℃范围内, Eș心信号强度与温度成反比

Fig.3 The intensity change on heating of ESR signals in granitic quartz (modified after reference[41])
The intensities of the Al and Ti centers decreases with temperature while that of the Eș center increases up to 300 ℃ due to transfer of electronic holes from hole centers to neutral oxygen vacancies with two electrons(Si-Si bond)

图4 不同辐射剂量下热处理 Eș心与Al心信号强度变化曲线(据参考文献[43]修改)
当辐射剂量超过200 Gy时,热处理 Eș心信号强度趋于饱和,而Al心信号强度则成线性增长,揭示出 Eș的饱和度受控于氧空穴的数量

Fig.4 The intensities of the heat treated Eș center and of Al center for given gamma ray dose (modified after reference[43])
The intensity of the heat treated Eșcenter saturates above 200 Gy while that of the Al center increases with dose, indicating that the Eș center intensity saturates due to the amount limitation of oxygen vacancies

图5 花岗岩石英矿物的形成年龄与其热处理 Eș心信号强度之间的关系示意图(据参考文献[43]修改)
图中所示花岗岩石英矿物的热处理 Eș心信号强度正比于其形成年龄

Fig.5 The correlation between the ages of the granites and the ESR signal intensity of the heat treated Eș center in quartz (modified after reference[43])
There is a positive correlation with a slope unity, indicating that the ESR intensity corresponds to the age of the original rocks

图6 低温测试条件下自然石英样品中Ti-Li 心和 Ti-H心ESR信号位置示意图(据参考文献[46,47]修改)
图中未出现Ti-Na心,Ti-H心主要有2个测量位置,Ti-Li 心有5个测量位置

Fig.6 Ti-Li and Ti-H center example of ESR signals obtained at low temperature (about 90 K) from natural quartz samples(modified after references[46,47])
In that case, the Ti-Na center is not observed. The various options for the evaluation of the Ti-H (1and 2) and Ti-Li center ESR intensity (1 to 5) are indicated, respectively

图7 东亚地区各沙漠表层沉积物ESR信号强度与CI值图(据参考文献[21,22,56]修改)

Fig.7 Distribution of the comparison values of the ESR signal intensity with the CI of fine-grained quartz contained in desert surface in East Asian (modified after references[21,22,56])

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