流域盆地的风化作用与全球气候变化

doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2002.03.0411

介绍了岩石风化作用与流域盆地的物质输送对于研究全球海-陆物质循环和全球气候变化的重要意义。讨论了运用河流的颗粒相和溶解相载荷分别去估算机械剥蚀率和化学风化率的科学性及各种计算方法。从全球的观点对岩性、径流、地势、气候、植被以及人为活动 6个因素对于岩石风化作用及河流颗粒相和溶解相物质输送的影响进行了详细的讨论，得到岩性是决定机械剥蚀率和化学风化率的主导因素，径流和地势是影响河流颗粒物输送的重要因素，而径流和气候则对河流溶解离子的输送影响较大，此外植被和人为活动对河流化学及颗粒物输送的影响也越来越受到人们的关注。探讨了岩石化学风化作用消耗的CO₂量及其对全球气候变化的影响，在此基础上，归纳了岩石化学风化作用与气候变化的模式。

关键词: 流域盆地, 机械剥蚀率, 化学风化率, 全球气候变化

The weathering and riverine loads play an important role in studying the sea-land matter balance and global climatic change. The dissolved and particulate loads of the river are used to estimate the physical erosion and chemical weathering rates over the world drainage basins, respectively. The effect of the rock types, relief, runoff, climate, vegetation and human activity on weathering are summarized in detail at a global scale. The rock types are responsible for the dissolved and particulate loads of the major world rivers .The correlation between the relief and runoff and particulate loads is stronger than the correlation between the climate and particulate loads, while the climate and runoff have a critical
influence on chemical weathering and solute fluxes. More attentions are paid on the effect of vegetation and human activity on the dissolved and particulate loads. A preliminary linkage of the model CO₂consumption by chemical weathering and the global climatic change is also examined based on the literature review.

Key words: Watershed basin, Physical erosion, Chemical weathering , Global climatic change.

中图分类号:

X142

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摘要

WEATHERING OF WATERSHED BASINS AND GLOBAL CLIMATIC CHANGE